水田土壤对铜离子吸附性能的试验研究

采用恒温振荡平衡法研究了乐山市某一水田土壤和未种植过的土壤对铜离子的吸附特性。结果表明:溶液的pH值越大,土壤对铜离子的吸附量越大;铜标准溶液的初始浓度越大,土壤对铜离子的吸附量越大;土壤含腐殖酸越多,对铜离子的吸附能力越强;水田土壤比未种植过的土壤对铜离子的吸附能力更强;用Freundlish方程来描述各种土壤对铜离子的吸附特性均得到了较好的相关性。     

广州市区PM2.5的时间变化

PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,不仅能够造成灰霾天气,而且会对人体健康造成重大危害。本文以广州市环境监测中心站2009年的监测数据为基础,对广州市区PM2.5的时间变化和原因进行了分析,结果表明广州市区的PM2.5冬季较高,夏季较低,最高浓度出现在10月,最低浓度出现在7月。PM2.5浓度日变化呈现出明显的双峰形;PM2.5浓度的时间变化特征与气象因素和污染源排放密切相关。     

城市污水处理厂化学除磷工艺精确控制技术研究进展

现今自动控制系统已经广泛应用于城市污水处理厂。总结归纳了污水处理厂的化学除磷工艺,重点对加药过程控制的类型,包括手动控制系统、自动控制系统、智能控制系统进行较为详细的论述。最后针对传统污水处理厂存在的问题和不足,提出研究污水处理厂化学除磷工艺精确控制系统技术的必要性。     

中国排污权交易体系模式及选择研究

实行污染物排污权交易是中国环境管理科学转变的必然。本文对最早且成功实施了排污权交易的美国交易模式进行了研究,分析了ERCs模式、EA模式、DERs模式的特点和优劣,并根据中国的实际和环境管理特点,提出逐步实行兼有行政管理和经济刺激的优点、具有现实应用可能和可操作性的排污削减信用模式(ERCs)的结果。     

实用环境监测气体采集器设计与应用

手持式电动气体采集器解决了传统双联球气体采集时繁琐、计量不准等诸多问题,为快速、准确地获得监测数据提供保障。     

Temporal dimension and water quality control in an emission trading scheme based on water environmental functional zone

Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period, emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ.     

Conceptual study on incorporating user information into forecasting systems

The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble) project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City, Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems.     

火山泥石流研究回顾

本文简要回顾了火山泥石流的研究历史,介绍了近年来这一领域的相关研究情况.主要内容包括火山泥石流的概念,形成机制及特征研究,火山泥石流的评估,火山泥石流的数学模型及数值模拟等.在论述这一领域相关研究进展的同时,对有关研究内容进行了评述和讨论,并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.     

厌氧消化过程中镍及其螯合物的生物可利用性研究

通过厌氧消化静态实验,研究了不同螯合剂存在条件下,产甲烷富集培养物对微量元素镍及其螯合物的生物吸收.结果表明,螯合剂的种类对厌氧消化有着一定影响.在乙酸钠浓度为85 mmol/L,硫化物浓度为1 mmol/L,消化温度为35℃,镍离子浓度为200 μmol/L时,氨三乙酸(NTA)的添加体系中甲烷产量最高,分别比柠檬酸...     

再生水景观水体水质保障的GFH+BF处理系统

采用GFH+BF处理系统开展再生水景观水体水质保障研究,以GFH(granular ferric hydroxide)出水为人工湖源水,以BF为湖水净化补给枢纽.结果表明,GFH对TP、DOM(dissolved organic matter)和N等污染物都有很好的去除效率,TP、NH4+-N、NO2--N、DOC、U...