强制性内循环快速启动IC厌氧反应器过程的研究

如何在短时间内快速启动厌氧反应器是厌氧处理工程中的关键。本文对IC厌氧反应器分别进行强制性内循环启动和常规启动实验。结果表明 ,强制性内循环启动的反应器充分利用了内循环缓冲 pH和抗冲击负荷的能力 ,创造良好的微生物生长环境 ,最终只用了 5 4天就完成整个启动 ,比常规方式启动缩短近一个月 ,是一种值得借鉴的启动方式     

基于TM影像的乌梁素海叶绿素a浓度反演

首先选取预处理后乌梁素海TM影像的单波段及波段组合与实测叶绿素a浓度进行分析,发现相关性很低。然后,结合乌梁素海的水利条件和自身特点,把湖区分为两个区,发现波段组合(TM1+TM2+TM4)/TM3和TM4/TM3与叶绿素a浓度有较高的相关性。最后,选取误差较低的波段组合(TM1+TM2+TM4)/TM3建立线性模型,实时、快速地反演乌梁素海湖区叶绿素a浓度,与实地情况吻合,为乌梁素海"黄苔"预警提供理论依据。     

膜生物反应器中膜污染层胞外多糖性质及污染特征

胞外多糖是污水处理膜生物反应器中的重要膜污染物质,经醇析、Sevag法去除蛋白质、层析纯化、透析、冷冻干燥得胞外多糖样品。紫外光谱扫描鉴定该胞外多糖样品不含核酸及蛋白质,分别采用HPLC、GC、FT-IR及SEM等手段对其性质进行分析,考察其对聚偏氟乙烯膜的污染特征。结果表明,所得胞外多糖的重均分子量Mw为4.8×106,糖苷键类型主要为1-3和1-6型,是由葡萄糖、鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖等组成、具有高度分枝网状结构的杂多糖。胞外多糖膜污染过程受沉积层控制,膜的主要污染形式为胞外多糖在膜表面的沉积。     

Effect of seed sludge on characteristics and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated by using different kinds of seed sludge in sequencing batch airlift reactor.The influence of seed sludge on physical and chemical properties of granular sludge was studied;the microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that seed sludge played an important role on the formation of aerobic granules.Seed sludge taken from beer wastewater treatment plant(inoculum A) was more suitable for cultivating aerobic granules than that of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant(inoculum B).Cultivated with inoculum A, large amount of mature granules formed after 35 days operation, its SVI reached 32.75 mL/g, and SOUR of granular sludge was beyond 1.10 mg/(g·min).By contrast, it needed 56 days obtaining mature granules using inoculum B.DGGE profiles indicated that the dominant microbial species in mature granules were 18 and 11 OTU when inoculum A and B were respectively employed as seed sludge.The sequencing results suggested that dominant species in mature granules cultivated by inoculum A were Paracoccus sp., Devosia hwasunensi, Pseudoxanthomonas sp., while the dominant species were Lactococcus raffinolactis and Pseudomonas sp.in granules developed from inoculum B.     

可吸入颗粒物对我市环境空气质量的影响及对策建议

近年来,随着城市化建设进程的加速和环境保护工作的深入开展,城市环境空气质量的污染类型已由SO2与PMIO混合型污染,逐步转变为以扬尘为主要污染物的可吸入颗粒物污染,通过对我市市区空气质量状况、可吸入颗粒物污染成因分析,提出控制或削减可吸入颗粒物污染的对策建议。     

生物法合成纳米铁的研究进展

纳米铁颗粒的制备技术发展迅速,方法多种多样。生物法因其具有原料来源广,反应条件温和,产物纳米级颗粒不易团聚,以及有毒副产物少等特点,成为学者们争相研究的对象。对近几年国内外采用微生物、植物提取物等合成纳米铁材料的方法及机理进行了阐述,综述了纳米铁在环保领域的应用,并对今后深入研究生物法合成纳米铁的前景进行了展望。     

电磁辐射职业危害及防护对策

科技飞速发展的今天,射频及微波技术已经广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域,这使得越来越多的从业人员在工作场所受到电磁辐射污染的影响。本文总结归纳了我国电磁辐射职业危害状况,分析了现代企业电磁辐射防护的新特点,并提出企业电磁辐射防护对策。     

环保科技成果转化项目评价指标体系及评价方法

为贯彻《中华人民共和国促进科技成果转化法》,促进环境保护科技成果的转化,提出环保科技成果转化项目评价指标体系．经过对比,确立了计算权重的方法和权重．采用专家分析与层次分析法,进行了环境保护科技成果转化项目评价分值计算与转化项目的评价．     

FT-ICR mass spectrometry for molecular characterization of water-insoluble organic compounds in winter atmospheric fine particulate matters

Water-insoluble organic compounds（WIOCs） are an important fraction of atmospheric fine particulate matters(PM_2.5), which could affect the climate system and threaten human health potentially. In this study, molecular characterization of WIOCs in PM_2.5 were investigated by 15 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry（FT-ICR MS） with atmospheric pressure photoionization（APPI） source in positive ion mode. A total of 2573 and1875 molecular formulas were iden...     

氯化处理船舶压载水对外来生物存活的影响

初步研究了氯化处理船舶压载水对外业生物存活的影响。结果表明，氯化自理对杀灭中的细菌最为有效；对单细胞灌类则依种类需要不同浓度的有效氯，有的种类在４０ｍｇ／Ｌ有效氯作用下依然能存活。