旱地间、套种植模式的效益研究及综合评价

本文从产量、经济效益、辅助能效益和光、热利用效益等方面,研究了旱地间、套种植多熟制5种模式的效益,分析了复种指数与光、热资源利用的关系,并用层次分析法(AHP)和系统决策法对各种模式进行了效益综合评价。结果表明,5种模式的优劣顺序是 C→E→DB→A,其中以小麦 蚕豆-玉米 黄豆-红苕和大麦 蚕豆-玉米-红苕两种模式较好;复种指数与光、热资源利用率呈线性正相关.     

陕西省自然灾害损失评估的初步研究

本文首先以陕西省１９６０～１９９０年１０个代表气象台（站）的降水距平率和分布面积为指标将旱涝程度划分为５级，然后分析了各级旱涝程度下的暴雨、冰雹、洪水等自然灾害频度及相应的农田成灾、倒塌房屋、死亡人口、减产粮食等损失，从而建立起了自然因子－灾害－损失之间的平均定量关系，为进行自然灾害评估奠定了基础，最后对研究期间做了检验和预测试验。     

抽油井安全监控系统

在论述影响抽油井正常工作诸因素的基础上,为保证安全生产作业,提出了一种性能稳定、可靠的监控系统,并对该系统中采用的传感器件及测量电路等进行了讨论     

油气田环境监测数据库系统的开发及应用

“油气田环境监测数据库及应用系统”采用流行的结构化程序设计方法进行设计，利用ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ＋２．１数据库语言、ＴｕｒｂｏＣ语言和汇编语言进行混合编程。系统已在全国２０个油气田和６个总公司直属企业的共７４个单位推广使用，提高了石油系统环境保护工作的现代化和信息化水平。总结了系统的设计开发、功能特点及推广应用情况。     

Analysis of the origin of peak aerosol optical depth in springtime over the Gulf of Tonkin

By aggregating MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) AOD(aerosol optical depth) and OMI(ozone monitoring instrument) UVAI(ultra violet aerosol index)datasets over 2010–2014, it was found that peak aerosol loading in seasonal variation occurred annually in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin(17–23°N, 105–110°E). The vertical structure of the aerosol extinction coefficient retrieved from the spaceborne lidar CALIOP(cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization) showed that the springtime peak AOD could be attributed to an abrupt increase in aerosol loading between altitudes of 2 and 5 km.In contrast, aerosol loading in the low atmosphere(below 1 km) was only half of that in winter. Wind fields in the low and high atmosphere exhibited opposite transportation patterns in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin, implying different sources for each level. By comparing the emission inventory of anthropogenic sources with biomass burning, and analyzing the seasonal variation of the vertical structure of aerosols over the Northern Indo-China Peninsula(NIC), it was concluded that biomass burning emissions contributed to high aerosol loading in spring. The relatively high topography and the high surface temperature in spring made planetary boundary layer height greater than 3 km over NIC. In addition, small-scale cumulus convection frequently occurred, facilitating pollutant rising to over 3 km, which was a height favoring long-range transport. Thus, pollutants emitted from biomass burning over NIC in spring were raised to the high atmosphere, then experienced long-range transport, leading to the increase in aerosol loading at high altitudes over the Gulf of Tonkin during spring.     

Infrared spectroscopic probing of dimethylamine clusters in an Ar matrix

Amines have many atmospheric sources and their clusters play an important role in aerosol nucleation processes. Clusters of a typical amine, dimethylamine (DMA), of different sizes were measured with matrix isolation IR (infrared) and NIR (near infrared) spectroscopy. The NIR vibrations are more separated and therefore it is easier to distinguish different sizes of clusters in this region. The DMA clusters, up to DMA tetramer, have been optimized using density functional methods, and the geometries, binding energies and thermodynamic properties of DMA clusters were obtained. The computed frequencies and intensities of NH-stretching vibrations in the DMA clusters were used to interpret the experimental spectra. We have identified the fundamental transitions of the bonded NH-stretching vibration and the first overtone transitions of the bonded and free NH-stretching vibration in the DMA clusters. Based on the changes in vibrational intensities during the annealing processes, the growth of clusters was clearly observed. The results of annealing processes indicate that DMA molecules tend to form larger clusters with lower energies under matrix temperatures, which is also supported by the calculated reaction energies of cluster formation.     

应用元素碳示踪物法解析复杂排放源地区有机碳来源的局限性

元素碳示踪物法(The EC tracer method)因其简单易行被广泛应用于区分有机气溶胶的一次和二次来源.本文以源排放复杂的北京城区(冬夏两季)和山东长岛作为城市和偏远地区的代表,利用气溶胶质谱仪(AMS)和碳黑测定仪等多种仪器的观测结果,基于元素碳示踪物法估算了在这些地区二次源对有机碳的贡献,并将该结果和同观测受体模型正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)的结果进行比较.探讨了北京地区餐饮源和生物质燃烧源对元素碳示踪物法估算二次有机碳的影响.本研究指明了元素碳示踪物法基本假设在源复杂地区应用的局限性,利用该方法对二次有机气溶胶估算会因存在具有较高OC/EC比值的一次排放源,而有一定偏差(例如本论文10%~40%).该研究对其他的元素示踪物法的估算工作具有一定的借鉴意义.     

纳米Fe3C/炭纤维非均相电芬顿降解二甲基砷的研究

针对结构稳定且难以靠常规方法去除的二甲基砷,制备新型负载Fe_3C纳米粒子的炭纤维催化剂,并对其非均相电芬顿降解二甲基砷进行了研究.结果表明,纳米Fe_3C/CF与阴极产生的H2O2发生电芬顿催化反应产生羟基自由基将二甲基砷降解为一甲基砷和As(V),As(V)可被同步吸附在Fe_3C/CF催化剂表面.通过考察电催化过程中初始p H、反应物初始浓度、电流强度和催化剂投加量等因素对催化氧化DMA效果的影响,表明在初始p H为3,二甲基砷初始浓度为5 mg·L~(-1),Fe_3C/CF投量为500 mg·L~(-1)的最佳条件下,经非均相电芬顿反应360 min后,二甲基砷去除率高达96%.     

复杂工况下可燃气体爆炸特性研究现状及展望

从实验研究、数值模拟方面分别介绍了近年来国内、国外学者在复杂工况下可燃性气体爆炸特性方面的研究现状及成果。根据目前实际生产中遇到的问题及现阶段研究工作存在的不足,对今后可燃气体爆炸特性研究进行展望。