我国聚合物驱采出水处理方法研究进展

聚合物驱采油技术为我国东部各油田的原油稳产奠定了坚实的基础,但因对聚合物驱油采出水的处理难度大而制约了油田的发展。对油田含聚污水的处理工艺、回注可行性以及HPAM降解方法进行了分析,综合论述了含聚污水处理的研究现状。     

High-Efficiency Production of Bioplastics from Biodegradable Organic Solids

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been extensively studied as environmentally friendly biodegradable thermoplastics. The major obstacle to wide acceptance of PHAs is their high price, mainly attributed to the costs of raw materials and polymer recovery. A large amount of organic solids are discarded from food production and consumption and may be used as carbonaceous raw materials for production of PHAs. A novel technology was investigated at bench-top scale to produce PHAs from food scraps. The harvested cell mass had a high PHA content (72.6% of dry cell mass), the same as obtained from pure glucose and organic acids. The organic solid was first digested in an acidogenic reactor in which about 60% solid was converted to fermentative products, including short-chain fatty acids. The four major acids were acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids at concentrations of 6, 2, 27, and 33 g/L, respectively. The acids were transported through a membrane barrier via molecular diffusion to an airlift bioreactor, where the acids were utilized by an enriched culture of Ralstonia eutropha for PHA synthesis. Purification of fermentative acids was not performed in this molecular diffusion–based integration of acidogenesis and polymerization. By using a dialysis membrane as the barrier, the dry cell mass concentration and PHA content reached 22.7 g/L and 72.6%, respectively. The PHA was a copolymer of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with 2.8 mole % of hydroxyvalerate.     

高州水库水体富营养化评价与控制对策研究

采用综合营养状态指数法(TLI))和卡森指数评分法对高州水库2004年到2008年的水质进行了评价,结果显示,近年来高州水库两库区3月份的综合营养状态指数值TLI(∑)近年来呈上升趋势。石骨库区和良德库区2008年3月份的综合营养状态指数值分别达到了40.32和48.07。两库区3月份都呈现出即将突破中营养化状态达到富营养化的趋势。卡森指数评分法得出水库2004-2008年的分值在45.0-68.2之间,自2005年以后,每年3月份的富营养程度要高于9月份,且三月份呈明显的上升趋势。表明了2-3月份是高州水库水华爆发的危险期。在实地调研的基础上,分析了主要的污染原因,并提出了针对高州水库的富营养化控制措施和建议。     

跨界地区环境风险识别初探

面对中国界河流域的重特大恶性事故频繁发生等复杂问题,以中国跨界河流污染源为研究对象,针对可能造成的跨界风险的重大污染源进行风险识别,建立跨界风险源识别指标体系进行综合评判打分并在典型界河流域和脆弱水环境控制单元进行应用示范。初步建立相应的跨界河流水环境风险识别技术方法体系,为中国界河流域水环境保护提供有力的技术支撑。     

抗生素抗性分析法在粪便污染源示踪技术中的应用

伴随着沿海人口的递增和养殖业的发展,粪便污染已成为近岸海域污染的一个重要污染源,日益威胁着人类的生存和经济发展。抗生素抗性分析法(Antibiotic Resistance Analysis,ARA)凭借对不同物种粪便源中相同示踪因子特异性抗生素抗性的检测,可以达到识别粪便污染源的目的。作为一种经济有效的粪便污染源示踪工具,ARA研究在欧美等国已开展并得到了应用。简要介绍了ARA原理、着重阐述了ARA的应用方法学,并概括了目前ARA在国内外发展现状。以期为同领域专家学者提供参考,促进中国利用ARA法在识别粪便源技术中的应用。     

A biological safety evaluation on reclaimed water reused as scenic water using a bioassay battery

An assessment method based on three toxicity tests (algae growth inhibition, daphnia immobilization and larval fish toxicity) was used to screen the biological safety of reclaimed water which was reused as sole replenishment for scenic water system in a park (SOF Park) in northern China. A total of 24 water samples were collected from six sites of water system in the SOF Park in four different seasons. The results indicated that: (1) the reclaimed water directly discharged from a reclamation treatment plant near the SOF Park as influent of park had relatively low biological safety (all samples were ranked as C or D); (2) the biological safety of reclaimed water was improved greatly with the ecological reclamation treatment processes composing of artificial wetland system and followed oxidation pond system; (3) the biological safety of reclaimed water in the main lake of SOF Park kept at a health status during different seasons (all samples were ranked as A); (4) there was some certain correlation (R² = 0.5737) between the sum of toxicity scores and dissolved organic carbon for the studied water samples. It was concluded that the assessment method was reliable to screen the safety of reclaimed water reused as scenic water, and the reclaimed water with further ecological purification processes such as artificial wetland and oxidation pond system can be safely reused as scenic water in park.     

水质在线监测系统在城镇污水处理厂的应用研究

水质在线监测系统作为自动化、信息化、科学化的现代高效的监管模式,已经纳入到城镇污水处理厂的日常管理工作中。文章以大连市某城镇污水处理厂为例,介绍了在线监测系统的实际运行情况,结果表明:监测数据准确度较高,总体运行安全可靠。     

关于城市污水处理市场化发展现状及运营管理探索

近年来,随着经济的发展,城市污水处理市场化在我国逐渐涌现出来,本文介绍了污水处理市场化的发展现状,并以大连东达环境集团在城市污水处理市场化成功运营为实例,对如何进行运营管理做了初步探索。     

二噁英的研究进展

二噁英的污染给我们的生产生活带来了巨大的威胁,随着居民生活水平的日益提高,二噁英的控制问题已经越采越受到社会的关注。本文介绍了二噁英的毒性、检测技术和控制手段等方面的研究现状,并以此提出了一些解决的对策。     

机动车尾气污染控制的对策建议

近年来,南通市机动车保有量大幅增长。受机动车尾气污染影响,城市空气污染已由煤烟型污染向交通尾气型污染转变。控制机动车尾气污染,已成为大气污染防治的重点工作之一。本文根据第一次全国污染源普查结果,分析南通市机动车尾气污染和治理现状,从而提出加强机动车尾气污染控制的对策和建议。