Role of illumination intensity in microcystin development using Microcystis aeruginosa as the model algae

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is one of the most common genera of cyanobacteria in algal blooms. In the present work, the impact of the...     

模拟黑水的生物处理

针对以糖蜜配制的半人工黑水生物处理时除磷效率下降和污泥膨胀的现象,利用序批式反应器(SBR)进行了实验分析,比较了以蔗糖和糖蜜为主要碳源时除磷效果的差异,并探讨了污泥膨胀发生的原因。研究表明,以糖蜜为主要碳源配制模拟黑水时的除磷效果比蔗糖为碳源时差,主要是由于GAOs的竞争性代谢所致。以糖蜜为碳源的条件下,污泥的胞外聚合物含量是正常活性污泥的一倍以上,导致污泥沉降性能变差;糖蜜碳源时的夏季高温条件下丝状菌大量生长也是导致污泥膨胀的重要原因。     

改性氧化铝微波诱导催化氧化处理高浓度苯酚废水的研究

采用微波诱导催化氧化技术,以改性氧化铝为催化剂,对高浓度模拟苯酚废水进行氧化处理。考察了微波功率、催化剂投加量、H202投加量、废水pH值和微波反应时间等因素对苯酚去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,处理30mL质量浓度为1 100mg/L的苯酚模拟废水,在微波功率500W,催化剂加入量1 g(液固比30∶1),30％双氧水...     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术研究

根据处理工艺原理的不同 ,分别介绍生化和物化处理技术、膜处理技术、土地处理技术和蒸发处理技术等处理工艺研究与应用的进展情况 ,同时根据我国填埋场渗滤液的产生特点和处理处置现状 ,展望了我国渗滤液处理工艺的发展趋势。     

Treatment of refectory oily wastewater by electro-coagulation process

Electro-coagulation was used to treat refectory wastewater with high oil and grease contents. Different operational conditions were examined, including pH, current density, reaction time, conductivity, electrode distance and inlet concentration. The optimum current density was 10-14 A m(-2) within 30 min depending on the wastewater properties tested. Conductivity had little effect on the treatment efficiency. Although the addition of extra salts (e.g., sodium chloride) to the wastewater did not help increase the pollutant removal efficiency, it could save the power consumption significantly. The COD(Cr) and oil removal efficiency descended with increasing electrode distance. The optimal electrode distance was determined to be 10 mm for this equipment in consideration of the treatment cost and efficiency together. The pH effect on the performance of the electro-coagulation process was not very significant in the range of 3-10. The removal efficiency of oil and COD(Cr) under normal condition exceeded 95% and 75%, respectively.     

某燃煤电厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及源解析

为探究某燃煤电厂污染物排放中重金属对周边农田土壤环境的影响,采用辐射环形法,以电厂烟囱为中心,布设31个农田土壤采样点.使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定土壤中10种重金属含量,分析土壤中重金属含量特征及潜在生态风险,基于地统计空间插值和AERMOD扩散模型对重金属空间分异情况和污染特征进行探究,并运用PMF受体模型对重金属进行源解析.结果表明：①燃煤电厂周边农田土壤重金属ω（Pb）、ω（Mn）、ω（Zn）、ω（Cr）、ω（Ni）、ω（Cu）、ω（As）、ω（Co）、ω（Hg）和ω（Cd）的平均值分别为414.46、286.38、155.22、69.54、55.77、53.48、31.73、19.86、0.78和0.71 mg·kg^-1,其中Hg、Pb、Cd、As、Zn、Cu、Co、Cr和Ni的含量均超过陕西省土壤背景值,分别为背景值的26、19.36、7.88、2.83、2.23、2.49、1.87、1.11和1.93倍,元素Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn的高值区出现在电厂西北方向.②燃煤电厂周边农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数（RI）的均值为714.53,整体处于很强的生态风险水平,并在千河火车站、石油天然气公司附近出现高值富集区,Hg元素的单项潜在生态风险指数（E_i）为520.92,处于极强的生态风险水平.③燃煤电厂周边农田土壤重金属主要来源为煤炭燃烧的降尘源（32.16%）、工农业活动源（19.78%）、自然源（26.25%）和交通源（21.81%）.土壤重金属含量较高值均分布在距电厂1~2 km范围内,重金属含量在距离电厂1 km范围内较小,在1~2 km范围逐渐增大,大于2 km后又呈逐渐减小趋势.研究得出的电厂周边农田土壤重金属空间分异情况及富集特征,可为开展土壤污染治理提供理论及数据支撑.     

基于神经网络评估的密封点泄漏检测

介绍了运用神经网络评估方法对石化生产装置泄漏风险进行量化评估的主要程序：输入变量的选择、风险指标的确定及总风险评估指标的确定等。以某炼油厂柴油加氢精制装置的应用为例,说明该方法可以指导企业根据最终确定的风险等级制定泄漏检测计划,对高风险部位增加检测的频次,既能有效监控密封点的密封效果,又减少不必要的资源投入。     

橡胶制品工业环境影响评价重点问题研究

建设项目环境影响报告编制过程中常因未注意到某些关键问题的论述,而使环境影响报告缺乏科学性和可靠性,导致环境影响评价结论依据不足.为使建设项目从环境保护角度分析更具有可行性,以某橡胶制品项目为例,总结了橡胶制品工业项目环境影响评价文件中需注意的几个要点问题,为环境保护主管部门审批环境影响评价文件提供必要的依据,为此类项目更好地开展环境保护工作提供指导.     

不同废弃线路板中金属元素含量及资源化价值分析

线路板是电子废弃物的核心部分,每年产生的废弃线路板数量巨大,而典型线路板中约含金属30%。随机收集市场上不同品牌型号及生产年代的废弃电脑、手机、硬盘、工业控制器等进行粗拆,对其线路板进行系统的精细拆解,对比分析了拆除元器件线路板和元器件上的金属含量以及其潜在的资源化价值,发现不同线路板金属种类和含量差别明显,废弃工业控制器和硬盘线路板的资源化价值远大于电脑和手机,尤其是贵金属金含量高,价值高达80万元/t,普通金属尤其是铜的含量巨大,可达20 kg/t,集中分布在脱除元器件的线路板上。     

Occurrence, distribution, and potential influencing factors of sewage sludge components derived from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants of Beijing, China

Millions of tons of waste activated sludge (WAS) produced from biological wastewater treatment processes cause severe adverse environmental consequences. A better understanding of WAS composition is thus very critical for sustainable sludge management. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of several fundamental sludge constituents were explored in WAS samples from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Beijing, China. Among all the components investigated, active heterotrophic biomass was dominant in the samples (up to 9478 mg/L), followed by endogenous residues (6736 mg/L), extracellular polymeric substances (2088 mg/L), and intracellular storage products (464 mg/L) among others. Moreover, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in composition profiles of sludge samples among the studied WWTPs. To identify the potential parameters affecting the variable fractions of sludge components, wastewater source as well as design and operational parameters of WWTPs were studied using statistical methods. The findings indicated that the component fraction of sewage sludge depends more on wastewater treatment alternatives than on wastewater characteristics among other parameters. A principal component analysis was conducted, which further indicated that there was a greater proportion of residual inert biomass in the sludge produced by the combined system of the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and a membrane bioreactor. Additionally, a much longer solids retention time was also found to influence the sludge composition and induce an increase in both endogenous inert residues and extracellular polymeric substances in the sludge.