好氧活性污泥中自养硝化细菌分离方法研究

分别采用琼脂平板、琼脂糖平板、水洗洋菜平板和硅胶平板分离培养城市污水处理厂好氧活性污泥中的硝化细菌。在相同的培养条件下,琼脂平板和水洗洋菜平板有杂菌生长;硅胶平板制作过程繁琐,培养后期出现失水性干裂;琼脂糖平板没有杂菌生长。通过对分离菌株的表观形态观察和NorB基因检测鉴定分离菌株,证明琼脂糖分离出了目的菌株,适合生长周期长的自养硝化细菌分离培养。     

自动跟踪动压平衡烟尘采样仪的研制

ＧＭ１００Ｃ动压平衡自动跟踪烟尘采样仪,跟踪精度高,响应时间快,无需换孔板,只要拨动波段开关就可换采样嘴。     

氯化铜改性石墨相氮化碳吸附剂的脱汞性能

针对燃煤电厂汞污染物排放控制的问题, 以尿素为前驱体, 通过直接热聚合法制得绒毛状石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄), 并用于低温条件下吸附脱除单质汞(Hg⁰)。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对吸附剂进行表征。结果表明:未改性g-C₃N₄具有良好的低温脱汞活性, 在120 ℃时其脱汞效率可达84.7%;CuCl₂改性可以有效提高g-C₃N₄的脱汞性能, 其脱汞效率在40~200 ℃范围内均可达到97%以上; 温度对吸附剂脱汞效率的影响较小。XPS表征测试结果表明, 铜离子和共价态氯原子均参与了单质汞的吸附脱除反应, Hg⁰被Cu²⁺离子和共价态Cl原子氧化成了Hg²⁺离子, 再吸附于g-C₃N₄表面而脱除。CO₂、SO₂和水蒸气对吸附剂脱汞效率影响较小, 但水蒸气可提高汞吸附量。     

蓟运河水和底泥中黄磷的氧化转化治理研究

本文介绍了蓟运河水和底泥模拟试验中黄磷的氧化速度。其表观氧化速度取决于几个因素,其中水体的搅动最为重要,溶解氧含量的影响也显著,而pH和Eh值则对反应略有影响。泥和水组成的混合液中黄磷的充气氧化半衰期为7h。经6.5—8.5d自然空气氧化后,底泥中黄磷可减少一半。底泥中黄磷浓度降到0.8mg/kg干土以下就不致使鱼类死亡。     

Study on the control of high ore pass dust pollution by pre-injection foam dedusting technology in the ore bin

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The impact airflow generated by ore unloading in the chute raises the dust carried by the ore itself and the floating dust, and then, the dust raised...     

Modeling Large Fire Frequency and Burned Area in Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystems with Poisson Models

Large wildland fires are major disturbances that strongly influence the carbon cycling and vegetation dynamics of Canadian boreal ecosystems. Although large wildland fires have recently received much scrutiny in scientific study, it is still a challenge for researchers to predict large fire frequency and burned area. Here, we use monthly climate and elevation data to quantify the frequency of large fires using a Poisson model, and we calculate the probability of burned area exceeding a certain size using a compound Poisson process. We find that the Poisson model simulates large fire occurrence well during the fire season (May through August) using monthly climate, and the threshold probability calculated by the compound Poisson model agrees well with historical records. Threshold probabilities are significantly different among different Canadian ecozones, with the Boreal Shield ecozone always showing the highest probability. The fire prediction model described in this study and the derived information will facilitate future quantification of fire risks and help improve fire management in the region.     

Risk assessment of heavy metals in road and soil dusts within PM2.5, PM10 and PM100 fractions in Dongying city, Shandong Province, China

15 road and 14 soil dust samples were collected from an oilfield city, Dongying, from 11/2009-4/2010 and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb within PM(2.5), PM(10) and PM(100) fractions synchronously. Metal concentrations, sources and human health risk were studied. Results showed that both soil and road dust exhibited higher values for Mn and Zn and lower values for Co and Cd for the three fractions. Mass concentration ratios of PM(2.5)/PM(10) and PM(10)/PM(100) for metals in road and soil dust indicate that most of the heavy metals tend to concentrate in fine particles. Geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors analysis showed that Cu, Zn and Cd exhibited moderate or heavy contamination and significant enrichment, indicating the influence of anthropogenic sources. Vanadium, Cr, Mn and Co were mostly not enriched and were mainly influenced by crustal sources. For Ni, As and Pb, they ranged from not enriched to moderately enriched and were influenced by both crustal materials and anthropogenic sources. The conclusions were confirmed by multivariate analysis methods. Principle component analysis revealed that the major sources were vehicle emission, industrial activities, coal combustion, agricultural activities and crustal materials. The risk assessment results indicated that metal ingestion appeared to be the main exposure route followed by dermal contact. The most likely cause for cancer and other health risks are both the fine particles of soil and road dusts.     

Species phylogenetic relatedness, priority effects, and ecosystem functioning

Species immigration history can structure ecological communities through priority effects, which are often mediated by competition. As competition tends to be stronger between species with more similar niches, we hypothesize that species phylogenetic relatedness, under niche conservatism, may be a reasonable surrogate of niche similarity between species, and thus influence the strength of priority effects. We tested this hypothesis using a laboratory microcosm experiment in which we established bacterial species pools with different levels of phylogenetic relatedness and manipulated the immigration history of species from each pool into microcosms. Our results showed that strong priority effects, and hence multiple community states, only emerged for the species pool with the greatest phylogenetic relatedness. Community assembly also resulted in a significant positive relationship between bacterial phylogenetic diversity and ecosystem functions. Interestingly, these results emerged despite a lack of phylogenetic conservatism for most of the bacterial functional traits considered. Our results highlight the utility of phylogenetic information for understanding the structure and functioning of ecological communities, even when phylogenetically conserved functional traits are not identified or measured.     

Alkyl polyglycosides enhanced the dark fermentation of excess sludge and plant waste to produce hydrogen: performance and mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Alkyl polyglycosides (APG), a biodegradable biosurfactant, have been widely used in environmental pollution control. However, the application of APG...     

Direct degradation of methylene blue by unactivated peroxymonosulfate: reaction parameters,kinetics, and mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are efficient methods for water purification. However, there are few studies on using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to...