Influence of different inoculation densities of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on heavy metal immobilization in swine manure

The disposal of organic waste by the biocomposting of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has drawn broad attention. However, the discrepancies in heavy metal immobilization between BSFL biocomposting with different inoculation densities and aerobic composting need to be further researched. In this study, BSFL with inoculation densities of 0.08%, 0.24% and 0.40% was added to swine manure to investigate its influence on heavy metal bioaccumulation and bioavailability. The physicochemical properties, BSFL growth performance and amino acid contents were measured. The results showed that the germination index, total prepupal yield and bioavailable fraction removal rate (%) of Cr and Pb at an inoculation density of 0.40% of BSFL were the highest among all of the BSFL biocomposting groups. Although the bioaccumulation factor and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations of the BSFL body from swine manure with inoculation densities of 0.24% and 0.40% of BSFL were similar, the BSFL inoculation density of 0.40% had the best absorption effect on these heavy metals in terms of total prepupal yield. Therefore, this study provides a basis for exploring the optimal inoculation density of BSFL biocomposting to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in swine manure.

     

One-part alkali-activated slag binder for cemented fine tailings backfill: proportion optimization and properties evaluation

In this study, a one-part alkali-activated slag (AAS) composed of ground-granulated blast furnace slag, desulfurized gypsum, and hydrated lime is proposed as alternative to cement for the production of cemented fine tailings backfill (CFTB), which is an environmentally friendly binder consisting of 93.72 wt.% industrial solid waste. Results show that AAS with 67.83 wt.% slag, 25.92 wt.% desulfurized gypsum, and 6.25 wt.% hydrated lime yields the highest strength, which is 1.7–3.2 times that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Aside from calcium silicate hydrate gel, appreciable quantity of ettringite characterized by interlocking needles structure and high bound water is also produced during the AAS hydration process. In addition, the hydration heat of the AAS binder is 48% less than that of OPC. Moreover, CFTB made of AAS provides better workability than that of CFTB with OPC up to 20 h. The findings of this study will contribute to the production of more cost-effective, durable, and environmental-friendly cemented fine tailings backfill.

     

Global trends and prospects of blue carbon sinks: a bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Blue carbon sinks (mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses) are considered an effective nature-based approach for climate change mitigation. Despite...     

城市污水预水解对二级生化处理的影响

为考察预水解对后续二级生化处理的影响,结合无锡市城北污水处理厂实际运行情况进行了生产性试验研究。结果表明,对于工业废水占40%的城市污水而言,原水经过水解预处理后的可生化性得到提高,并且由于水解池在未满负荷运行的情况下对碳源有机物的去除率较高,对后续硝化脱氨、反硝化脱氮和除磷存在不同的影响。     

稻草型生物有机肥对萝卜的作用效果

为推广应用稻草型生物有机肥,采用田间小区试验研究了稻草型生物有机肥对萝卜(Raphanus sativus)功能叶叶绿素含量、碳氮代谢关键酶活性、萝卜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:稻草型生物有机肥处理Ⅰ与等NPK养分施用量的纯化肥处理Ⅱ和菜枯肥处理Ⅲ相比,可提高萝卜功能叶叶绿素含量、防止功能叶早衰;提高硝酸还原酶、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶三种碳氮代谢关键酶活性.处理Ⅰ使萝卜的产量分别比处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ提高4.48%、6.01%,维生素C分别提高22.48%、28.24%,可溶性糖含量分别提高10.39%、19.91%,萝卜硝酸盐含量分别下降8.78%和16.67%,且以上4个指标处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ的差异均达极显著水平,此外亚硝酸盐含量也明显降低.     

从造纸污泥中提取木质素制备缓蚀阻垢剂

以造纸污泥为原料,用碱溶酸析法提取其中的木质素,对木质素进行磺化改性后,与有机磷、锌盐等进行复配,以提高缓蚀阻垢效果。探讨了主原料配比、药剂投加量、反应温度、反应时间等对药剂性能的影响。结果表明:由该法制备的缓蚀阻垢剂性能较好,为造纸污泥的综合利用提供了一条新途径。     

水解酸化工艺的改进

综合水解酸化工艺传统的"膜法"和"泥法"两种工艺的优点,开发一种新的水解酸化工艺。把新工艺和传统的"膜法"工艺并联运行,进行对比实验,发现新工艺在有机物和色度的去除以及提高废水的可生化性方面均具有优势,COD去除率20%~30%,色度去除率60%,出水ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)在0.7左右。     

医疗垃圾焚烧处理控制系统的设计与实现

医疗垃圾已成为威胁人类生活的"超级杀手",因此对医疗垃圾的处理至关重要。针对新疆某医疗焚烧处理场,介绍了热解焚烧工艺,此工艺应用了西门子S7-300系列PLC为核心的自动控制系统,系统中将MM440变频器和S7-300PLC的组合应用,并且实现了两者通过Profibus-DP的通讯。实践证明:该系统结构简明,运行可靠,便于在其他场合进行推广和应用。     

Risk to humans of consuming metals in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta

Concentrations of metals were determined in four species of anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. Concentrations of Cr in anchovy fish muscle ranged from 2.6 × 10⁻² to 5.0 mg/kg ww, and Coilia nasus taihuensis in Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake contained the highest concentrations of Cr, which was almost 111-fold higher than the mean value at other locations. Concentrations of Pb ranged from 1.5 × 10⁻² to 1.3 × 10⁻¹ mg/kg ww. Comparisons of concentrations of lead (Pb) among the four species indicated that anadromous species contained higher concentrations of Pb than did freshwater species. However, concentrations of Pb in C. nasus from the Nanjing and Haimen locations in the Yangtze River were not significant higher than those of two freshwater species: C. nasus taihuensis from Taihu Lake and C. brachygnathus from Hongze Lake (Duncan’s test, α = 0.05). While concentrations of Cd and Zn ranged from 7.0 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.6 × 10⁻³ mg/kg ww and 3.4 to 4.8 mg/kg ww, respectively, there were no significant differences in concentrations among the eight locations. The only concentration of the metals studied that exceeded the Chinese National Standard was Cr in Coilia from Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake, which was 2.5-fold higher than the standard. These results indicate that people who consume the genus Coilia are not at risk due to concentrations of metals, except Cr in C. nasus taihuensis from Jiaoshan in Taihu Lake. Concentrations of all of the metals studied except for Cr were similar to or less than those of metals in most other areas in the world.     

Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).