孤岛油区外排采油污水生化处理技术的研究

针对孤岛污水矿化度高,Cl-含量高,油含量和COD含量严重超标的现象,采取微生物接触氧化工艺进行外排采油污水治理的工艺研究。在处理过程中首先对菌种进行了严格的筛选和培养,然后在室内进行了模拟试验,最后在现场进行了中试。目前已根据中试结果,对孤岛污水原有的污水池进行了改造,设置了隔油池、气浮池、接触氧化池和沉淀池四个部分,经过一年的运行,成功地实现了污水的达标排放。     

美国环境保护与环境技术产业发展的主要经验和启示

随着经济和社会的发展，保护人类赖以生存的环境，走可持续发展之路，已成为世界范围内人们的共识，环境污染问题已日益成为人们关注的焦点。美国环境保护发展的历史与现状，揭示出一些促进环境保护和环境技术产业发展的经验，值得我们借鉴。     

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Environmental Dredging in South Lake,China

Environmental dredging is a primary remedial option for removal of the contaminated material from aquatic environment. Of primary concern in environmental dredging is the effectiveness of the intended sediment removal. A 5-year field monitoring study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the environmental dredging in South Lake, China. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphors, and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, and As) before and after dredging in sediment were determined and compared. Multiple ecological risk indices were employed to assess the contamination of heavy metals before and after dredging. Our results showed that the total phosphorus levels reduced 42% after dredging. Similar changes for Hg, Zn, As Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni were observed, with reduction percentages of 97.0, 93.1, 82.6, 63.9, 52.7, 50.1, 32.0, and 23.6, respectively, and the quality of sediment improved based on the criterion of Sediment Quality Guidelines by USEPA and contamination degree values (C_d) decreased significantly (paired t-test, p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the TN increased 49% after dredging compared to before dredging. Findings from the study demonstrated that the environmental dredging was an effective mechanism for removal of total phosphorus and heavy metals from South Lake. Nevertheless, the dredging was ineffective to remove total nitrogen from sediment. We conclude that the reason for the observed increase in TN after dredging was likely ammonia release from the sediment impairing the dredging effectiveness.     

内江市沱江流域实现可持续发展的途径探讨$$$$##6研究方法

本文对内江市沱江流域经济-环境系统1995～2010年时段可持续发展进行了预测分析，指出了该区域实现可持续发展的可能途径和对策措施．     

印铁涂装烘房有机废气的直接燃烧法处理实践

本文通过采用催化法和直燃法两种工艺处理印铁涂装生产的有机废气的工业实践,对设计和运行中的一些要点进行分析和探讨。     

耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布监测法

查清中低产田的面积、分布与开发条件是制定农业综台开发规划的重要依据。采用按公里网布设的农业资源动态监测系统,开展对耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布的动态监测,其方法具有准确、简便和实用的特点。     

地理信息系统技术在环境中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)技术现已广泛应用于环境领域。简要介绍了该技术的功能特点,并从大气、水、土壤、噪声四个方面探讨了GIS在环境保护中的应用。研究结果表明,GIS是研究环境子系统协同效应的实用技术。     

Strategic Environmental Assessment： A New Tool for Ecological Urbanization of Coastal Cities in China

Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act （EIA Act） was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment （SEA）, thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.     

氧氟沙星与聚苯乙烯微塑料复合污染对剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响

为探究抗生素与微塑料复合污染对厌氧消化的作用影响,采用BMP实验考察了不同质量浓度氧氟沙星(OFL)、聚苯乙烯(PS)微塑料对剩余污泥厌氧消化产甲烷的影响行为,并通过分析溶解性有机物(DOM)、胞外聚合物(EPS)变化规律、厌氧发酵4阶段代谢以及微生物群落探讨其影响机理。结果表明,与对照组相比,单一OFL和单一PS微塑料污染使甲烷累积产量分别下降了15.95%~81.36%、4.25%~5.78%;而在复合条件下,两者表现出协同效应,故导致产甲烷速率的进一步下降和有效产气时间的缩短,其中OFL胁迫占主导。机理探究发现,不论单一OFL还是复合污染,DOM中腐殖质类物质均明显增加,EPS组分结构趋于复杂化,厌氧消化4阶段均受到明显抑制。单一PS微塑料污染在反应初期可提高产甲烷速率,且对厌氧消化4阶段的影响相对较小。微生物群落分析发现,复合组与单一OFL组群落分布更为相近,产酸细菌与嗜乙酸产甲烷菌的相对丰度均明显下降,这导致乙酸营养型产甲烷途径受到严重抑制。本研究结果可为复杂污染情况下剩余污泥资源化处理的工艺调控提供参考。