Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT) in sediments collected from East China Sea

Sediments used in this study were collected from different depths of eight sites in East China Sea in November 2002. The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs=p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH) in samples were investigated by the technique of sonication extraction followed by the analysis of gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a micro-electron capture detector (muECD). The concentrations of SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT in the surface sediments were in the range of <0.05-1.45 ng/g (mean 0.76 ng/g), <0.06-6.04 ng/g (mean 3.05 ng/g) based on dry weight (dw), respectively. In the vertical distributions, the SigmaHCH and SigmaDDT were in the range of <0.05-2.52 ng/g, <0.06-10.94 ng/g dw, respectively. Residues of OCPs varied significantly with different sampling sites. SigmaDDT in the surface sediments was correlated well with total organic carbon (TOC) content (r2=0.71), while SigmaHCH showed no obvious correlation. The distribution showed that the sediments from the vicinity estuary or near shore had higher TOC contents, and higher OCPs concentrations. The contamination record indicated an extensive use of OCPs in the catchments from Yangtze River in the past might greatly affect the OCP residues.     

榆林地区植被时空分异特征及其影响因素研究

植被作为反映陆地生态系统和气候的重要指标,对研究全球或区域生态环境变化具有重要作用。以地处黄土高原生态脆弱区的榆林市为研究区,基于地理探测器模型,选取坡向、坡度、气温、降水和土壤类型5类自然因子,土地利用类型、人口密度和GDP 3类人文因子,分析榆林地区植被空间分异特征及其驱动力,并揭示了促进植被生长影响因子的最适宜特征。结果表明,（1）研究区2000—2018年植被覆盖趋向改善,NDVI呈现增加趋势,增速为0.11/10a,2008年以后植被增长较为明显;NDVI在2018年中高等级（0.6—0.8）面积比2000年中高等级面积明显增加;中高等级集中于榆林市东部黄土丘陵区,中低等级（0.2—0.4）集中于榆林市西北部的风沙区,植被覆盖呈现东部高西北低的空间分布特征。（2）人口密度和气温因子较好地解释植被NDVI空间分异性,是影响NDVI空间分异性的主要因子,GDP、土地利用类型和坡度是次级影响因子,其他因子对NDVI空间分异存在间接影响;坡向、降水和土壤类型因子与其他自然、人文因素对植被空间分布影响存在显著性差异。（3）自然、人文因子对榆林市NDVI的影响存在交互作用,因子之间的交互...     

生物法废气脱硝研究

将城市生活污水处理厂活性污泥中的反硝化细菌培养挂膜到填料塔中,进行从模拟废气中脱除ＮＯｘ的效果性能实验研究,该生物膜填料塔能有效地脱除废气中的ＮＯｘ,ＮＯ２的去除率可达９９％以上,ＮＯ的去除率可达９０％左右。该法最适宜的温度为３０￣４５℃,进口ＮＯ浓度（５０￣５００ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）对其去除率几乎没有影响,随着废气流量的增加,ＮＯ的去除率逐步降低。     

关于国家环境保护“十三五”规划的战略思考

在对我国当前环境形势以及未来重大环境保护问题识别的基础上,结合国家生态文明建设新要求,提出了"十三五"环境保护规划体系以及规划目标的设想,并从国民经济绿色化、国土空间功能化、保护环境法治化、环境供给市场化、决策监管科学化、治理主体多元化、环境信息公开化等7个方面给出了基本策略建议,可为制定国家"十三五"环境保护规划提供参考。     

江苏省环境监测现代化建设的设想

从环境监测现代化建设的目标、原则、内容、资源配置及保证措施等方面,阐述了江苏省环境监测现代化建设的具体设想.提出用3年～5年的时间,实现该省环境监测实时监控系统的自动化、实验室分析技术的现代化、环境监测信息技术的网络化及环境监测体制的多元化和管理机制的市场化,建成能适应市场经济体制,满足科学管理需要,具备国际先进技术和国际间互认能力的环境监测网络体系.     

Quantification of the Exposure–Lag–Response Association Between Air Pollution and Respiratory Disease Morbidity in Chongqing City,China

Environmental Modeling & Assessment - The health effects of air pollution on respiratory disease morbidity and mortality commonly vary with air pollutants’ intensity and latency after...     

Selective effects of fenitrothion on murine splenic T-lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on mouse splenic lymphocytes. Here, naïve mice had their spleens harvested and splenocytes isolated. After exposure to FNT for 48 hr: splenocyte viability was measured using a tetrazolium dye assay; cell phenotypes, i.e., B-cells (CD19⁺), T-cells (CD3⁺), and T-cell subsets (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺), were quantified by flow cytometry; and, production of cytokines/granzyme-B was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability for FNT to induce oxidative stress in the cells was evaluated by measuring hydroxyl radical (·OH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The results showed that FNT significantly inhibited splenocyte proliferation, and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma, IL-4, and granzyme B, but had no impact on IL-6 production. FNT also selectively decreased splenic T-cell levels but did not induce changes in CD19⁺ B-cells. Further, within the T-cell populations, percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T-cells (particularly CD8⁺ T-cells) were reduced. Lastly, FNT selectively increased MDA and ·OH production and inhibited SOD and GSH-Px activities in the splenic lymphocytes. These findings suggest that, due to oxidative damage, FNT selectively inhibits splenic T-lymphocyte survival and cytokine/granzyme production in vitro.     

红壤立体栽培模式中玉米氮、磷、钾配方施肥数学模型的研究

采用氟、磷、钾化肥三因素通用旋转组合设计，通过计算机模拟寻优，建立了湘南砂岩红壤玉米－大豆立体栽培模式中玉米施肥量－产量、玉米施肥量－利润数学模型；优选出玉米产量和利润最高的各10套施肥方案；计算出玉米最高产量的施肥量为：尿素750kg／hm2，过磷酸钙1125kg／hm2，氯化钾332kg／hm2，N∶P2O5∶K2O＝1∶0.39∶0.58；计算出玉米最佳经济效益施肥量为：尿素712.8kg／hm2，过磷酸钙1125kg／hm2，氯化钾285.2kg／hm2，N∶P2O5∶K2O＝1∶0.41∶0.52．玉米与大豆的产量间以及两者的利润间均呈极显著正相关．     

燃烧假人测试系统及其应用前景

燃烧假人测试系统是国际公认的定量评估防护装备阻燃性能的专用设备，本文主要介绍了燃烧假人测试系统的研究现状、系统构成、技术体系及应用前景。     

自然资源代际转移模型研究

代际均衡发展是可持续发展的核心内容之一，而代际均衡的实现在目前情况下有赖于代际主动财富转移改策实施。政府的宏观调控是实施这一政策的有力手段。具体的措施可开征“资源代际补偿税”以建立专项基金制度