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651.
Abstract The purpose of this study is merely to review the current situation in the designing and implementation of the emission trading programs in Europe. Historical data show that although there is a series of shortcomings in their current functioning, employing such instruments for GHG reduction policy making is strongly expected to be efficient and effective. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) are just a few examples of the ambitious EU initiative that heavily relies on such instruments. We dwell on their operations and achievements by far and all the content in this article is expected to convince the Chinese government and regional public authorities to take positive actions and attitudes in promoting these instruments. 相似文献
652.
653.
Bingbing Jiang Vincent Kish Daniel J. Fauth McMahan L. Gray Henry W. Pennline Bingyun Li 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1170-1175
The emission of fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere is implicated as the predominant cause of global climate change; therefore, advanced CO2 capture technologies are of the utmost importance. In this study, innovative amine-multilayered sorbents were fabricated using layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoassembly technology via alternate deposition of a CO2-adsorbing amine polymer (e.g. polyethylenimine or PEI) and an oppositely-charged polymer (e.g. polystyrene sulfonate or PSS). We found that the developed sorbents could be used for CO2 capture and that LbL nanoassembly allows us to engineer their CO2 capture performance through the fabrication variables (e.g. deposition polymers, deposition media, and number of bilayers). PEI/PSS was found to be the best polymer combination for developing sorbents with relatively high CO2 capture capacity. The amine-multilayered solid sorbents possessed fine microstructures and may have similar polymer deposition within and on the surface of solid sorbents. These amine-multilayered sorbents had much faster CO2 desorption rates compared to sorbents prepared using the current PEI-impregnation approach. Such fast CO2 desorption could make sorbents a good option for CO2 removal from power plants and even the atmosphere. 相似文献
654.
655.
Jian-jun Jiang Li Zhang Yi-qun Wang Yu-yuan Peng Kun Zhang Wen He 《Safety Science》2011,49(6):843-851
Monitoring process is an important part in a high safety digital main control room of nuclear power plant (NPP), it is the source extracted information and found abnormal information in time. As the human factors events arisen from monitoring process recently take place more and more frequent, the authors propose a reliability Markov model to effectively decrease these abnormal events. The model mainly analyzes next monitoring object probability in terms of current information and plant state. The authors divide digital human–machine interface into two parts that are referred as logical homogeneous Markov and logical heterogeneous Markov. For the former, a series of methods of probability evaluation are proposed, such as, Markov transition probability with condition, probability distributed function with human factors, system state and alarm; for the latter, the authors propose the calculation of probability of correlation degree between last time and next time and probability calculation methods with multi-father nodes. The methods can effectively estimate the transition probability from a monitoring component to next monitoring component at time t, can effectively analyze which information is more important in next monitoring process and effectively find more useful information in time t + 1, so that the human factors events in monitoring process can greatly be decreased. 相似文献
656.
战场噪声是造成单兵听力损伤的重要原因,通常要求单兵处于大于85dBA的噪声环境中需佩戴听力保护装置。听力保护装置通常包括耳罩式和耳塞式。新型单兵用耳塞式听力保护装置具有听力保护、环境声音的监听、持续及脉冲噪声抑制、通信接入等多种功能。 相似文献
657.
Mobilization and plant accumulation of prometryne in soil by two different sources of organic matter
Prometryne is a selective herbicide of the s-triazine chemical family. Due to its weak absorption onto soil, it readily leaches down through the soil and contaminates underground water. Application of organic manure to soil has become a widespread practice as a disposal strategy to improve soil properties. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of pig manure compost (PMC) and lake-bed sludge (SL) on the sorption/desorption, mobility and bioavailability of prometryne in soil using comprehensive analysis approaches. Downward movement of prometryne was monitored in the packed soil column. Addition of PMC or SL decreased considerably the mobility and total concentration of prometryne in the soil leachate. Bioavailability analyses with wheat plants revealed that addition of the organic matter reduced accumulation of prometryne in tissues and increased plant elongation and biomass. These results indicate that the organic amendments are effective in modifying adsorption and mobility of the pesticide in soil. 相似文献
658.
我国自然灾害时空分布及其粮食风险评估 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
分析了旱灾、水灾、风雹灾、霜冻灾、台风灾和农业病虫害、草害、鼠害8种自然灾害的时空分布情况,计算了其造成的历年粮食减产量,并在此基础上评估2020年自然灾害对粮食产量的影响。结果表明,2020年不同自然灾害对我国各省粮食生产的影响程度不同。旱灾风险区集中在我国北方地区,分布在黄淮海区、西北区等;涝灾风险区集中在我国南方地区,分布在长江中下游区等;风雹灾风险区对我国粮食产量影响相对较小,主要分布在新疆和青海;台风灾风险区集中在我国南方沿海地区;农业病虫害风险区集中在我国的南方地区,分布在华南沿海区和西南区等;而霜冻灾、农业草害、鼠害对粮食生产的影响范围和影响程度较小。 相似文献
659.
意外发现“死亡之声”
20世纪50年代末,冷战正酣。出生于俄罗斯的机器人发明家加夫雷奥,一天接到了法国国防部的密令:火速研发能打核战争的机器人。 相似文献
660.
巴中北部岩溶山区地下水化学特征及演化分析 总被引:11,自引:8,他引:3
为研究我国南、北岩溶发育过渡带地下水的水文地球化学特征及形成机制.采集巴中市北部双峰垭地区25组地下水样品,运用描述性统计分析、变异系数、Schoeller图、舒卡列夫分类、Piper图解、Gibbs与离子比例系数等方法对研究区岩溶水化学及分布特征进行分析,并探讨控制地下水化学演化的主要过程.结果表明,研究区南、北地下水存在一定的差异,北区地下水阴阳离子以HCO3-、Ca2+和Mg2+为主,水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg型为主,南区地下水阴阳离子以HCO3-和Ca2+为主,水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主;地下水水文地球化学演化过程均受水-岩作用和阳离子交替吸附作用的控制,但对比之下南区蒸发结晶作用比北区更加强烈,北区大气降雨作用更加显著;气候与岩性的差异是导致研究区南、北部地下水化学存在差异的主要原因. 相似文献