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181.
182.
Land use as a mitigation strategy for the water-quality impacts of global warming: a scenario analysis on two watersheds in the Ohio River Basin 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This study uses an integrative approach to study the water-quality impacts of future global climate and land-use changes. In this study, changing land-use types was used as a mitigation strategy to reduce the adverse impacts of global climate change on water resources. The climate scenarios were based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Kingdom Hadley Centre's climate model (HadCM2). The Thornthwaite water-balance model was coupled with a land-use model (L-THIA) to investigate the hydrologic effects of future climate and land-use changes in the Ohio River Basin. The land-use model is based on the Soil Conservation Service's curve-number method. It uses the curve number, an index of land use and soil type, to calculate runoff volume and depth. The ArcView programming language, Avenue, was used to integrate the two models into a geographic information system (GIS). An output of the water-balance model, daily precipitation values adjusted for potential evapotranspiration, served as one of the inputs into the land-use model. Two watersheds were used in the present study: one containing the city of Cincinnati on the main stem of the Ohio River, and one containing the city of Columbus on a tributary of the Ohio River. These cities represent two major metropolitan areas in the Ohio River Basin with different land uses experiencing different rates of population growth. The projected hypothetical land-use changes were based on linear extrapolations of current population data. Results of the analyses indicate that conversion from agricultural land use to low-density residential land use may decrease the amount of surface runoff. The land-use practices which generate the least amount of runoff are forest, low-density residential, and agriculture; whereas high-density residential and commercial land-use types produce the highest runoff. The hydrologic soil type present was also an important factor in determining the amount of runoff and non-point-source pollution. A runoff-depth matrix and total nitrogen matrix were created for Cincinnati and Columbus to describe possible land-use mitigation measures in response to global climate change. The differences in Cincinnati and Columbus were due to differences in geographic location, air temperature, and total runoff. The results of this study may be useful to planners and policy makers for defining the possible impacts of future global climate and land-use changes on water resources. 相似文献
183.
TechnologicalsystemforsustainabledevelopmentofChineseagricultureZhangRenwu;JiWenying;ZhangTong(Agro-EnvironmentalProtectionIn... 相似文献
184.
政府激励企业环境技术创新的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
环境技术创新是实施可持续发展战略的有效个介手段。政府激励企业ESTs的手段有开展环保教育,制订宏观经济管理政策,调整经济体制和结构,加强经济手段和实施环境法。政府激企业ESTs应兼顾多重目标、以及通过完善市场机制来节约激励成本。 相似文献
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186.
REMIS is one of key research projects sponsored by the central government. It is recommended to regional EPAs as a main tool of the environmental management. REMIS simulates the functions of the regional EPAs and aimed to improve their management level. The national environmental management information system will base on REMIS.Functional analysis is the kernel of the REMIS system analysis. Data and data flow analysis are used to support the functional analysis.Investigations on the functions of the local EPAs of eight provinces and 12 cities have been taken. The functions were carefully sorted. Modular design method was used in system analysis and system design.The system analysis included functional analysis, data analysis and data flow analysis. The system design is based on the system analysis. HIPO diagram of each modular, data base structure, menu design, selection of hardware and software environment were the main items of the system design. 相似文献
187.
对呼吸计量法应用于校准ASM1作了简明的阐述。在呼吸速率与模型组分关系的基础上,介绍了ASM1中废水与污泥各组分浓度的测定方法,并指出模型组分细化的意义。 相似文献
188.
项目环境影响评价与战略环境评价比较 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
结合国内外战略环境评价研究状况,对战略环境评价和项目环境影响评价的关系进行了较为全面地比较.通过分析项目环境影响评价的不足和战略环境评价的优点, 指出开展战略环境评价,可完善环境影响评价体系,促进可持续发展战略实施.并就战略环境评价与项目环境评价在研究对象、管理体系、技术特点、方法体系和技术手段等方面的区别作了明确阐述.最后分析了二者的联系,明确了二者的层次关系及可供借鉴之处. 相似文献
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190.
在立式管状电加热炉上对合山高硫煤在不同的气氛、温度以及Ca/S比的条件下进行了动态燃烧实验,对收集的气体产物进行了红外光谱分析,并讨论了CO2浓度以及温度等因素对SO2释放的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的CO2气氛对煤燃烧过程中硫的释放以及石灰石的固硫效率有着不同的影响,在高于900℃以后,较之空气气氛下,无论是否存在钙基固硫剂,其它三种02/C02气氛下S02的排放量都比较低,且在不同C02浓度下,温度对S02的排放影响不一致。 相似文献