关于环境保护行政主管部门行政执法责任制

全面实行环境行政执法责任制是保障环境法律，法规，规章有效实施的重要举措。环境行政执法责任制必须依法作出。环境保护行政主管部门应将实行环境行政执法责任制的重点放在违法行政的责任追究和赔偿制度上，同时应结合国家公务员制度加大考核力度以促进依法行政。     

Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

我国荒漠化防治的法律思考

我国是世界上荒漠面积大、分布广、危害严重的国家之一。目前,我国每年由于荒漠化造成的直接经济损失高达500亿元。本文介绍了我国荒漠化防治立法概况及法律制度存在的问题,并针对这些问题,进行了一些完善我国荒漠化防治法律制度的思考。     

冷冻取芯过程煤样温度变化特性研究

为探究冷冻取芯过程煤样温度变化特性,基于模拟试验的相似性,自主设计冷冻取芯模拟测试试验装置,选取榆家梁矿、首山一矿、六龙煤矿、九里山矿4个矿区不同变质程度煤样,用以测定瓦斯吸附平衡压力为0、1.0、2.0、3.0 MPa下冷冻取芯过程煤样的温度实时变化数据,并统计分析各条件下的数据。研究结果表明:冷冻取芯技术的冷冻效果与煤变质程度及瓦斯吸附平衡压力呈正相关关系;冷冻取芯对含瓦斯煤冷冻效果优于不含瓦斯煤;冷冻取芯对高变质煤冷冻效果优于低变质煤;冷冻取芯过程中,煤样温度随时间变化曲线符合指数函数关系。     

高温高压吸附后焦煤的孔隙结构变化特性

为研究高温高压气体吸附试验中焦煤基质膨胀后孔隙结构变化特性,首先开展了软、硬焦煤在不同吸附平衡温度(30℃、40℃、50℃)下的高温高压吸附试验,然后利用压汞法测试吸附试验前、后煤样的孔隙结构,研究了不同吸附平衡温度下的软、硬焦煤吸附性能及高温高压吸附试验对软、硬煤孔隙结构的影响.结果表明:在相同温度和压力下,硬煤瓦斯吸附量及吸附常数a均小于相应的软煤;随吸附平衡温度升高,同一煤样的瓦斯吸附量减少;高温高压吸附试验后,煤样含有大量的半封闭型的微孔和小孔,孔隙连通性变差,煤中孔隙向着更加致密的方向发展,有利于瓦斯的储存.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3-N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

A型沸石对含磷废水深度处理的研究

论文探讨A型沸石对废水中磷的吸附性能,影响A型沸石对磷吸附的主要因素有吸附温度、灰水比、吸附时间和pH值。通过单因素和正交试验确定在水样体积30mL,A型沸石投加量3g,吸附时间为40~50min,吸附温度25oC,pH值4~5范围内,初始磷浓度小于20 mg/L,A型沸石对磷都有很好的吸附效果。TP去除率达99%以上,对磷的吸附容量约为0.44mg/g,适用于工业废水处理和生活污水的深度除磷。     

基于AHP的工业企业震后恢复重建优先等级评价

地震灾害一直是人类社会所面临的重大自然灾害之一,在灾害发生之后,为了能够让灾区较短时间内恢复正常的生产生活和社会运行,高效率的恢复重建机制不可或缺.在所有的震后恢复重建项目中,灾区原有的工业企业的恢复重建是一大重点,这些工业企业在灾前往往是当地政府税收的主要来源,也为当地人口提供了大量的就业岗位.然而,能够投入到灾区用...     

不同曝气量对SBBR短程硝化微生物特性及氮转化的影响

在实验室规模的序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)中研究了不同曝气量(7.2、12.0、15.6L·h-1,对应反应器中平均溶解氧浓度分别为0.5、0.8、1.2mg·L-1)下生物膜的生物特性变化及短程硝化过程规律.结果表明:减小曝气量使反应器内溶解氧浓度降低,将导致生物膜的总生物量下降,生物膜中氨氧化菌逐渐成为优势菌,无论数量还是生物活性均高于亚硝酸氧化菌,利于亚硝酸盐积累;在一个反应周期中,生物膜对溶解氧需求的分配是不同的,曝气初期溶解氧主要用于异氧菌对COD的降解,其后用于氨氮转化.根据上述规律,提出在短程硝化过程中采用"梯级递减式曝气"供氧新策略,即在反应初期保持一种较大的曝气量,提高反应器溶解氧浓度,促进COD快速降解,随后保持一种小曝气量使反应器中溶解氧维持较低的浓度,从而促进亚硝酸盐积累及优化供氧效率.     

Fate of tetracyclines in swine manure of three selected swine farms in China

Veterinary antibiotics can enter the environment due to the common practice of land application of manure from treated animals. The environmental fate of tetracyclines in swine manure after composting and field application remains largely unknown. This study analyzed the concentrations of tetracyclines in manure, manure-based compost and compost amended soil in selected swine farms from Beijing, Jiaxing and Putian, China to determine the dilution effects of antibiotics when released into the soil environment. The results demonstrate that residues of antibiotics were detected in all samples and chlortetracycline as well as its degradation products should be regarded critically concerning their potential ecotoxicity. Application of manure-based compost to soil could reduce the possible risk posed by antibiotic contamination, but the trigger value of 100 μupg/kg was still exceeded in soil samples (776.1 μupg/kg dw) from Putian City after application of compost. Field studies such as the present one can help to improve the routine administration of antibiotic-containing composted manure.