赤红壤贮水量变化过程的聚类分析研究

根据长期定位观测资料．用多元数据分析的有序样本分类中的最优分割法对南亚热带地带性土壤──赤红壤的土壤水分贮水量的变化过程进行聚类分析并进行土壤水分的季节划分，结果表明．赤红壤贮水量最高贮量出现在3～7月，最低出现在1～2月和10～12月，而8～9月为干湿交替变化的过渡阶段．     

钴在土壤和植物系统中的迁移转化行为及其毒性

钴是人与动植物必需的微量元素,但土壤环境中过量的钴可通过土壤-粮食/蔬菜-人与动物等途径进入人体或动植物体内,对其产生危害,因此有必要了解土壤中钴的含量,应该将钴纳入必须检测与掌控的指标。然而,我国目前对于土壤中钴的含量却没有一个明确的评价体系,致使无法有效地对土壤中钴的含量进行评价和管控,从而给土壤以及人和动植物的健康都带来一定的风险。本文通过整理近20多年的国内外文献资料,综述了钴的特点、应用、形态、含量、毒性、评估方法,指出了现行对土壤中钴污染风险评估体系中存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

Ag—Mn,Ag—Co和Ag—Ce复合氧化物上CO,丙酮和吡啶的催化燃烧

本文考察了Ａｎ－Ｍｎ，Ａｇ－Ｃｏ和Ａｇ－Ｃｅ复合氧化物上ＣＯ，丙酮和吡啶的催化氧化性能，结果表明，双组分Ａｇ－Ｍｎ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ａｇ－Ｃｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的氧化活性均高于单组分Ａｇ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３．在Ａｇ－Ｃｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，ＣＯ氧化反应的速率言程可用ｒ＝ｋＰｏ２＾ｍＰＣＯ来表示，随着催化剂中氧化铈含量的增加，对氧的反应级数明显下降。     

Use of a multi-layer column device for study on leachability of nitrate in sludge-amended soils

This paper described a multi-layer column device constructed with six cylindrical polythene tubes with installation of Rhizon soil moisture samplers (Rhizon SMS). The feasibility of using the column device to collect soil solution and percolate and to monitor leachability of nitrate in two sludge-amended soils was evaluated under glasshouse conditions. The soil moisture sampler in the device was demonstrated to be a non-destructive, simultaneous, sequential, convenient and rapid sampling tool for multiple-site porewater extraction. The device provided an in situ monitoring technique for leachability of nitrate in a soil profile following application of the anaerobically digested sewage sludge. The monitored results showed that surface soil amendment of the sewage sludge increased markedly the concentration of nitrate in the soil solutions at depths of 10-30 cm in a neutral paddy soil and at 30-50 cm in an acid red paddy soil. This amendment also largely increased nitrate in the percolates of the acid red soil. The movement and distribution patterns of nitrate in the profile were related to soil types, profile depths and experimental periods. Land application of sewage sludge may pose a risk in groundwater contamination of nitrate.     

新型甲醛被动式检气管的研制

新研制的甲醛被动式检气管是建立在气体分子扩散和化学吸收原理基础上的，检气管内的惰性担体上浸渍了对甲醛特效的希夫试剂。当管内进入甲醛气体时，即发生显色反应，检气管的显色长度的平方与甲醛浓度及采样时间的乘积成线性关系。检出下限为０．０１５ｍｇ＃Ｌ（采样５ｈ），它集采样与分析为一体，结构简单，不需动力，便于携带和操作方便，应用于检测某厂刨花板车间和制胶车间的甲醛气体，与传统的注射器采样比色分析法对比，结     

活性炭纤维净化印刷过程产生的VOCs废气

介绍了应用局部排气的方法,收集印刷过程的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)废气,应用活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附脱附有机废气回收净化装置,进行印刷厂VOCs废气的回收与治理,详细描述了印刷车间VOCs废气的收集与处理工艺过程及其效果.测试结果表明,应用此工艺和设备可以有效地进行印刷过程大风量的VOCs废气的回收和治理.     

2株漂白废水高效降解菌的选育

用含氯漂白废水驯化城市污水处理厂的好氧污泥 ,从中分离出两株高效去除有机氯的菌 ,并对其适应条件进行了研究。结果表明 ,当pH为 7.0、废水浓度为 5 0 %、加入 0 .4g/L葡萄糖、2mL菌液时 ,处理效果较好 ,有机氯的去除率最高可达 74 .8%。     

Changes in soil microbial biomass and Zn extractability over time following zn addition to a paddy soil

A laboratory incubation study was conducted using a paddy soil spiked with two quantities of Zn as soluble Zn(NO3)2 and unamended controls. Three single extractants (1 M ammonium acetate (pH 7.0), 0.43 M acetic acid and 0.05 M EDTA) were used to assess the bioavailability of Zn. Biological community assessments were made microbial biomass (chloroform fumigation), soil basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity. During the 84-day period of the experiment, addition of Zn at both 500 and 1,000 mg kg(-1) had little detectable effect on soil pH. The concentration of NH4OAc-extractable Zn decreased rapidly within the initial six weeks. The concentration of HOAc-extractable Zn showed no decrease during 84 days incubation. EDTA-extractable Zn was greater than NH4OAc- and HOAc-extractable fractions, and showed a similar trend to NH4OAc-extractable after incubation. Microbial biomass, soil basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity all decreased over time during 84 days incubation. Addition of Zn resulted in a significant increase in specific respiration (qCO2). Microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity did not appear to be influenced by added Zn, probably due to the strong buffering capacity of the soil. The Zn extracted by EDTA, HOAc and NH4OAc showed close relationships with each other (p < 0.001). Zinc extracted by 0.05 M EDTA and NH4OAc were highly correlated with soil basal respiration and specific respiration rate (p < 0.01). The results suggest that NH4OAc-extractable Zn combined with soil specific respiration could be used as parameters for risk assessment.     

Fungal degradation of metsulfuron-methyl in pure cultures and soil

A fungal strain capable of utilizing metsulfuron-methyl as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from a metsulfuron-methyl treated soil. The degradation characteristics of metsulfuron-methyl by this fungal strain were investigated in liquid culture and soil. More than 79% of metsulfuron-methyl at concentrations of 0.10 mgl(-1), 1.0 mgl(-1) and 10.0 mgl(-1) in pure culture was degraded by strain MD after incubation for 7 days, whereas only 5.6%, 8.6% and 13.1% of metsulfuron-methyl were degraded at levels of 0.10 mgl(-1), 1.0mgl(-1) and 10.0 mgl(-1) in the controls, respectively. The incorporation of strain MD into soil was found to substantially increase the degradation of metsulfuron-methyl. Degradation was 7.5 and 3.8 times faster in strain MD amended soils than in sterilized and fresh soils. The results show that addition of the isolated strain MD enhances degradation of metsulfuron-methyl in water and soil.     

利用粉煤灰处理生活污水的初步研究

粉煤灰虽然是一种固体废弃物,但已广泛应用于污水处理.本实验以锅炉房燃煤产生的粉煤灰为原料进行对生活污水的处理实验,主要研究在不同填料层高度,粉煤灰在单次进水和循环进水的情况下对生活污水中COD的去除率的差异;以及对高浓度垃圾渗滤液进行处理的对比性实验.结果表明,污水中COD的去除率随粉煤灰填料层高度的增加而提高,并且对低浓度生活污水中的COD去除效果较好.