Uptake of PAHs by cabbage root and leaf in vegetable plots near a large coking manufacturer and associations with PAHs in cabbage core

Samples of ambient air (including gaseous and particulate phases), dust fall, surface soil, rhizosphere soil, core (edible part), outer leaf, and root of cabbage from eight vegetable plots near a large coking manufacturer were collected during the harvest period. Concentrations, compositions, and distributions of parent PAHs in different samples were determined. Our results indicated that most of the parent PAHs in air occurred in the gaseous phase, dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) species with two to three rings. Specific isomeric ratios and principal component analysis were employed to preliminarily identify the local sources of parent PAHs emitted. The main emission sources of parent PAHs could be apportioned as a mixture of coal combustion, coking production, and traffic tailing gas. PAH components with two to four rings were prevailing in dust fall, surface soil, and rhizosphere soil. Concentrations of PAHs in surface soil exhibited a significant positive correlation with topsoil TOC fractions. Compositional profiles in outer leaf and core of cabbage, dominated by LMW species, were similar to those in the local air. Overall, the order of parent PAH concentration in cabbage was outer leaf > root > core. Partial correlation analysis and multivariate linear stepwise regression revealed that PAH concentrations in cabbage core were closely associated with PAHs present both in root and in outer leaf, namely, affected by adsorption, then absorption, and translocation of PAHs from rhizosphere soil and ambient air, respectively.     

清洁生产对加氢精制装置减污增效的重要作用

介绍清洁生产在长岭分公司加氢精制装置推行的背景、实施的主要方案、效果及持续清洁生产情况。     

La对Cd伤害大豆幼苗的生态生理作用

以盆载法研究了Cd对大豆幼苗的伤害及La对Cd伤害的缓解效应。结果表明,500mg/L CdCl₂严重抑制大豆幼苗的代谢与生长,叶面喷布30mg/LLaCl³一次,能缓解Cd毒造成的伤害。实验证明,这与La能增加大豆幼苗光合速率,提高叶绿素含量与硝酸还原酶活性、降低细胞质膜透性与植株体内Cd含量、维持TTC还原力等多重作用相关。     

基于生产工艺的水泥工业项目竣工环保验收监测重点分析研究

基于水泥工业的生产工艺特点,说明新型干法生产时代,水泥生产的主要产污环节及特征污染物,并分析其对生态环境的影响和危害,表明该行业属高能耗、高污染的产能过剩行业.根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求和工作实践经验,结合生产工艺、特征污染物和污染物总量控制等要求,从废水监测、废气监测、噪声监测等方面阐明水泥行业项目竣工环保验收的侧重点和注意事项,并指出污染防治设施、总量控制等几方面应重点关注的问题.     

一起甲苯爆炸事故的调查与分析

分析了利用压缩空气压送甲苯混合物时发生爆炸事故的直接原因和间接原因,提出了相应的对策.     

我国24个典型饮用水源地中14种酚类化合物浓度分布特征

研究了14种酚类化合物在我国五大流域(黄河、海河、辽河、长江、淮河)24个典型饮用水源地水源水中的浓度水平.结果显示:14种酚类化合物在我国饮用水源地中的浓度在nd～213 ng·L-1范围内,浓度均值在2.44～31.2 ng·L-1范围内,浓度中位数在nd～40.0 ng·L-1范围内.14种酚类化合物中,硝基苯酚类化合物浓度最高,浓度中位数为37.9 ng·L-1,浓度平均值为27.4 ng·L-1.其次为苯酚、五氯酚、二氯苯酚(2,4-二氯苯酚和2,6-二氯苯酚)和三氯苯酚(2,4,6-三氯苯酚和2,4,5-三氯苯酚);四氯苯酚(2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚、2,3,4,5-四氯苯酚)和烷基苯酚(邻甲基苯酚、间甲基苯酚和对甲基苯酚)浓度较低.通过商值法对14种酚类化合物进行生态风险评价后发现,14种酚类化合物的风险商均远小于1,表明其对我国饮用水源地的生态风险较低.对8种已报道健康参考剂量或致癌斜率因子的酚类化合物进行健康风险评价,结果显示,7种酚类化合物的最大非致癌风险在10-6到10-4范围内,2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的致癌风险在10-6量级以下,表明其健康危害较弱.     

等离子工艺与H_2O_2联合处理酸性橙Ⅱ溶液的研究

对气液两相滑动弧等离子与H2O2联合处理酸性橙Ⅱ溶液进行了研究。结果表明:两者具有明显的协同效应,可减少等离子放电时间,提高了降解效率。质量浓度为300 mg/L的酸性橙Ⅱ溶液,加入体积分数为0.48～0.96 mL/L的H2 O2(30%),循环降解2次的脱色率在92%以上。当加入过氧化氢的体积分数是1.92 mL/L时,循环降解1次脱色率为93.32%。而且降解后的溶液随着放置时间的延长,脱色率进一步降低;且放置8 h时,降解率下降最明显。     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

厦门石兜-坂头水库水体营养状态综合评价及变化趋势分析

以水质监测资料为基础,采用综合营养状态指数法（TLI法）和线性插值评分法（SCO法）2种模式,相互印证并综合评价2008．5—2011．6厦门石兜-坂头水库库区水体营养状态。应用Daniel的趋势检验,对评价时段内水库水体营养状态和水质参数（总氮、总磷以及氮磷浓度比）变化趋势进行分析。结果表明：2008年5月-2011年6月期间,石兜-坂头水库水体营养状态为中营养至轻-中度富营养;在此评价期内,总磷、总氮、氮磷比值趋势变化不显著;水体营养状态变化趋势也没有显著意义,始终在中营养至（轻-中度）富营养状态区间波动。水库周边环境及水质的监管措施能否及时到位是影响库区水体营养状态变化的关键。     

硫氨基循环抑制烟气二英生成的试验研究

新型硫氨基物质对二英低温从头合成具有良好的抑制效果,但尚未在实际焚烧炉中应用.本文借助烟气循环抑制和飞灰低温热处置联用控制二英排放中试系统(500 Nm³·h^-1),开展了硫氨基循环抑制实际焚烧炉烟气二英排放的研究.试验结果表明,硫氨基抑制气氛能在该系统中循环累积,该系统对二英阻滞率达95%以上,烟气二英排放浓度低于最新国家环保标准0.1 ng·Nm^-3(以I-TEQ计).该新型硫氨基循环抑制技术对实际废物焚烧炉二英的减排控制具有重要指导价值.