油气开采钻井固体废物处理与利用研究现状

对比分析了我国部分地区油气开采钻井固体废物的污染特征,对普通钻井固体废物和含油钻井固体废物的无害化处理与资源化利用技术分别进行梳理和分析,主要包括固化处理技术、生物处理技术、不落地处理技术、资源化利用技术、萃取技术、热解析技术和组合处理技术等。结合当前存在的主要问题针对性地提出了4条对策建议:加强源头控制,减少钻井固体废物产生量;对钻井固体废物进行分质分级区别处理和利用;开发高效、低成本、低能耗的钻井固体废物处理技术,发展联合处理工艺;制定相关政策和标准,加强油气田污染治理的事中事后监管。     

二氧化钛纳米材料的合成及其在环保领域的应用研究进展

综述了近年来纳米TiO2光催化剂在制备方法、表面改性、光催化氧化机理及应用方面的研究进展，提出了半导体催化剂的研究发展的方向。     

安全评价中危险辨识的地位、存在问题和对策

生产企业、系统、工程或设备的安全性程度 ,需按有关规定或技术要求 ,进行各种形式的安全评价。安全评价是危险评价 ,其中辨识危险在安全评价中具有重要意义。笔者论述了危险辨识在安全评价中的地位 ;指出了危险辨识存在的问题 ;从资料准备、企业调研、危险辨识方法、行业专家作用和人员素质等 7个方面提出了解决现存问题的对策及措施。安全评价是落实“安全第一 ,预防为主”方针 ,消除隐患 ,预防和预测事故 ,确保安全生产的重要手段     

城市公共安全规划模式的研究

在分析城市公共安全规划的意义及其理论的基础上 ,笔者提出了城市公共安全规划的基本模式。所研究的主要内容包括 :城市公共安全规划目标及可行性分析、信息采集与现状调查、风险评价与预测、风险区划和专项规划、规划方案的设计与优化、规划方案的决策与审批、规划方案的实施等。     

氯乙酸母液氢解制氯乙酸

以氯乙酸母液和氢气为原料，开发了氢解制氯乙酸的新工艺。文中介绍了氢解了反应原理和工艺流程，并介绍了母液预处理，催化剂筛选及氢解反应条件等试验。中试验连续运转的结果表明，工艺路线合理可行，催化剂活性稳定，单程氢解产品产率达到９４％以上，产品氯乙酸的质量达到行业标准，装置运行安全可靠。     

Effects of chronic exposure to nonylphenol on locomotor activity and social behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Nonylphenol(NP),a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems,is of high environmental concern.The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female zebrafish(Danio rerio),to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination.Fish were randomly divided into six groups.Five groups were receiving 0.1,1,10,50 and 100 μg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days,respectively.A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups,but no NP.Locomotor activity,aggressive behavior,group preference and leaving shoal were examined.NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male zebrafish,whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP.Aggressive behavior and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups.Locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female zebrafish were clearly inhibited at 100 μg/L NP.No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure.The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.     

广州市环境保护“十二五”规划指标体系研究

环境保护目标和指标体系是环境保护规划的核心内容,具有重要意义。文章根据广州市环境现状和趋势,结合对广州市“十一五”规划指标及其他指标体系的分析研究,提出了广州市环境保护“十二五”规划指标体系的初步设想,构建了包含10个类别、37个指标的规划指标体系。     

Reliability and input-data induced uncertainty of the EPIC model to estimate climate change impact on sorghum yields in the U.S. Great Plains

Crop simulation models are frequently used to estimate the impact of climate change on crop production. However, few studies have evaluated the model performance in ways that most researchers practiced in climate impact studies. In this article, we examined the reliability of the EPIC model in simulating grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yields in the U.S. Great Plains under different climate scenarios, namely in years with normal or extreme temperature and precipitation. We also investigated model uncertainties introduced by input data that are not site-specific but commonly used or available for climate change studies. Historical field trial data of sorghum at the Mead Experimental Center, NE, were used for model evaluations. The results showed that overall model reliability was about 56%. The mean absolute relative error (absRE) was about 29%. The degree of accuracy and reliability varied with climate-classes and nitrogen (N)-treatments. The largest bias occurred in drought years (RE = ?25%) and the most unreliable results were found in N-0 treatment (reliability = 32%). There was more than 69% probability that input-data-induced uncertainties were limited to less than 20% of absRE. Our results support the application of the EPIC model to climate change impact studies in the U.S. Great Plains. However, efforts are needed to improve the accuracy in simulating crop responses to extreme water- and nitrogen-stressed conditions.     

珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物中重金属的粒度效应

测定了珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物中重金属元素的含量和粒径组成,对重金属元素的粒度效应进行了分析和研究。监测结果表明,各重金属元素与粒度组成之间有以下相关关系:(1)各重金属元素与砂之间表现出一定的负相关性;(2)各重金属元素与粉砂之间表现出较明显的正相关性;(3)各重金属元素与粘土之间不存在显著相关性。重金属与粒度组成之间的这种相关关系将丰富沉积物中污染物分布"粒度控制规律"的内容。     

高硫煤还原分解磷石膏过程中CaS生成机理研究

在N,2气氛下,利用热重分析仪和管式炉研究了高硫煤还原分解磷石膏过程中CaS的生成机理.研究表明.在1000～1150℃温度范围内.磷石膏中的CaSO4与煤粉或汽化产生的CO反应是生成CaS的主要反应.CaS的生成机理可以通过固-固反应机理、气-固反应机理或联合作用机理等模型进行解释.通过对磷石膏分解产物的XRD-SEM图进行分析,结果表明.不同粒径高硫煤对CaS生成量的影响是通过改变CaS的生成机理来实现的.高硫煤粒径较小时.利于气-固反应的发生,而产生大量CaS,反之则以固-固反应机制为主.CaS的生成也相对难些.