Preliminary investigation on cytotoxicity of fluorinated polymer nanoparticles

As well-known persistent organic pollutants(POPs), organofluorine pollutants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) have been proven to be bioaccumulated and harmful to health. However, toxicological assessment of organofluorinated nanoparticles, which have emerged as a novel tool for biomedical and industrial applications, is lacking, to the best of our knowledge. To assess the biological effects and health risk of fluorinated nanoparticles,trifluoroethyl aryl ether-based fluorinated poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles(PTFEPMMA NPs) were synthesized with various fluorine contents(PTFE-PMMA-1 NPs 12.0 wt.%,PTFE-PMMA-2 NPs 6.1 wt.% and PTFE-PMMA-3 NPs 5.0 wt.%), and their cytotoxicity was investigated in this study. The in vitro experimental results indicated that the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs was mild, and was closely related to their fluorine(F) contents and Fcontaining side chains. Specifically, the cytotoxicity of PTFE-PMMA NPs decreased with increasing F content and F-containing side chains. After exposure to PTFE-PMMA NPs at a sublethal dose(50 μg/m L) for 24 hr, the phospholipid bilayer was damaged, accompanied by increasing permeability of the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) occurred, resulting in the increase of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and cell death. Overall, the PTFE-PMMA NPs were found to be relatively safe compared with typical engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), such as silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide, for biomedical and industrial applications.     

酸雨的危害及其防治综述

从酸雨的研究历史出发,阐述了酸雨的形成和分布,指出酸雨是一种全球性的环境问题;酸雨对生态系统、人类健康、材料等都具有很大危害.通过对近几年我国酸雨状况调查,分析发现我国酸雨面积和程度呈现继续扩大的趋势.最后,结合我国典型的硫酸型酸雨特征,提出了可行的防治酸雨的具体对策.     

湿地公园的植物景观设计——以上海崇明岛西沙湿地公园为例

湿地公园是湿地与公园的复合体,体现了“在保护中利用,在利用中保护”的生态思想,其中植物景观起到了很大的作用。在湿地公园的设计中,对湿地植物的选择也尤为重要。上海崇明西沙湿地公园,是一个以自然保护为主的主体性公园。其保留了大部分的水生植物和湿生植物的构建模式,在保留层面有很大的优势,但同时也体现出一定的不足,希望通过对其优劣势的分析,对今后的湿地植物景观设计有更多的借鉴。     

不同磷肥对棕壤吸附铜的影响

采用等温平衡法研究3种性质不同的磷肥（磷酸二铵,钙镁磷肥和磷矿粉）对棕壤铜吸附量的影响,并应用Freundlich方程Cs=KfCen分析土壤铜的吸附特征。结果表明,与不施磷肥处理（对照）相比,当n（磷）：n（铜）=1：1时,钙镁磷肥和磷矿粉增加棕壤对铜的吸附量,分别增加107%和158%;不同用量的磷酸二铵均会降低棕壤对铜的吸附能力;增加非水溶性磷肥（钙镁磷肥和磷矿粉）的施用量,能增加棕壤对铜的吸附量,提高棕壤的吸附能力;高量磷矿粉的作用效果最为明显。由此可知,为降低农产品质量安全风险,铜污染棕壤上不宜施用磷酸二铵,但可选用磷矿粉作为肥源。     

Pelagic-benthic coupling of the microbial food web modifies nutrient cycles along a cascade-dammed river

• Structure of multi-trophic microbial groups were analyzed using DNA metabarcoding. • Discontinuity and trophic interactions were observed along the dam-fragmented river. • C, N and P cycles are driven by top-down and bottom-up forces of microbial food web. • Pelagic-benthic coupling may intensify nutrient accumulation in the river system. Cascade dams disrupt the river continuum, altering hydrology, biodiversity and nutrient flux. Describing the diversity of multi-trophic microbiota and assessing microbial contributions to the ecosystem processes are prerequisites for the restoration of these aquatic systems. This study investigated the microbial food web structure along a cascade-dammed river, paying special attention to the multi-trophic relationships and the potential role of pelagic-benthic coupling in nutrient cycles. Our results revealed the discontinuity in bacterial and eukaryotic community composition, functional group proportion, as well as α-diversity due to fragmentation by damming. The high microbial dissimilarity along the river, with the total multi-trophic β-diversity was 0.84, was almost completely caused by species replacement. Synchronization among trophic levels suggests potential interactions of the pelagic and the benthic groups, of which the β-diversities were primarily influenced by geographic and environmental factors, respectively. Dam-induced environmental variations, especially hydrological and nutrient variables, potentially influence the microbial food web via both top-down and bottom-up forces. We proposed that the cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are influenced by multi-trophic groups through autotrophic and heterotrophic processes, predator–prey relationships, as well as the release of nutrients mainly by microfauna. Our results advance the notion that pelagic-benthic trophic coupling may intensify the accumulation of organic carbon, ammonium and inorganic phosphorus, thereby changing the biogeochemical patterns along river systems. As a consequence, researchers should pay more attention to the multi-trophic studies when assessing the environmental impacts, and to provide the necessary guidance for the ecological conservation and restoration of the dam-regulated systems.     

Antioxidant vitamin E protects embryos of Xenopus tropicalis against lambda-cyhalothrin induced embryotoxicity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pesticides are capable of increasing risks to the early development of nontarget organisms through oxidative stress. The supplementation of...     

Release characteristics and control of hydrogen sulfide during thermal drying of municipal wastewater sludge

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most predominant malodorous gas released during the thermal drying of municipal wastewater sludge. Experiment using a...     

苏门答腊海域海啸地震及地壳深部结构

近10年来苏门答腊俯冲带大震频发,并引发灾难性海啸,使之成为全球关注的焦点。特别是2004年和2012年的两次大震所带来的科学问题在许多方面超出现有认识。国际上对苏门答腊地区已开展了大量的地质学、地球物理学等多方面的调查研究,应用了许多新方法并取得了许多新认识。解读苏门答腊的构造背景和地质演化史对于认识俯冲型大地震的产生机理是必要的,对此类地震的发生过程和规律的研究,对于理解海啸产生的条件和防灾减灾有十分重要的现实意义。本文对苏门答腊地区的地震活动和深部构造进行了详细分析,对近年关于该地区的世界性研究成果进行了总结,梳理出若干亟待研究的科学问题,进而提出开展苏门答腊俯冲带地震3D层析成像的具体实施路线。     

自助加油站典型事故案例分析及防范措施

分析了自助加油站面临的主要安全风险,针对自助加油站的非静电类典型事故案例进行了分析和讨论。在参考和借鉴国外自助加油站相关法规的基础上,提出了一系列有针对性的防范措施。