Utilizing surfactants to control the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil-water system

An integrative technology including the surfactant enhanced sorption and subsequentdesorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene in the soil-water system was introduced and tested. For slightly contaminated agricultural soils, cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant- enhanced sorption of organic contaminants onto soils could reduce their transfer to plants, therefore safe-guarding agricultural production. After planting, residual surfactants combined with added nonionic surfactant could also promote thedesorption and biodegradation of residual phenanthrene, thus providing a cost-effective pollution remediation technology.0ur results showed that the cationic-nonionic mixed surfactantsdodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB) and Triton X-100 (TX100) significantly enhanced soil retention of phenanthrene. The maximum sorption coefficient Kd* of phenanthrene for contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants was about24.5 times that of soils without surfactant (Kd ) and higher than the combined effects of DDPB and TX100 individually, which was about 16.7 and 1.5 times Kd , respectively.0n the other hand, TX100 could effectively remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants, improving the bioavailability of organic pollutants. Thedesorption rates of phenanthrene from these treated soils were greater than 85% with TX100 concentration above2000 mg/L and approached 100% with increasing TX100 concentration. The biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in the presence of surfactants reached over 95% in30days. The mixed surfactants promoted the biodegradation of phenanthrene to some extent in 10-22days, and had no obvious impact on phenanthrene biodegradation at the end of the experiment. Results obtained from this study provide some insight for the production of safe agricultural products and a remediation scheme for soils slightly contaminated with organic pollutants.     

塑料和橡胶类废物的热物理与焚烧特性研究的进展

随着社会和科技的发展，塑料和橡胶废弃量与日俱增，已成为城市垃圾的重要组成，由于这类废弃的聚合物给环境带来了污染问题，怎样合理地处理和利用已经成为一项重要的研究课题，本文对塑料和橡胶类的废物的理化性质，热值，焚烧特性，污染特性进行了论述，并根据它们的热物理及焚烧特性提出了进一步优化废物焚烧炉，完善低污染，低腐蚀，低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺的一些设想。     

气相色谱／质谱（GC／MS）联用在我国大气有机污染监测中的应用

概述ＧＣ／ＭＳ联用在我国大气有机污染监测中的应用，介绍大气中有机污染物，如多环芳烃、硝基多环芳烃、多氯二苯并二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃、碳氢化合物、苯系物、恶臭、有机硫化合物、多组分有机污染物的测定。     

辛基酚的体内类雌激素活性评价

利用体内大鼠子宫增重试验检测辛基酚（OP）的类雌激素活性，并对其观测终点及影响因素进行了初步研究。结果显示，OP经大鼠体内染毒，可引起大鼠子宫湿重、子宫内皮细胞厚度、子宫腺数量明显增加，具有明显的类雌激素活性。三条染毒途径检测敏感度腹腔染毒＞经皮下染毒＞经灌胃染毒。     

镉在五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)不同种群细胞中的分布及化学形态

通过营养液培养,以种子分别来自粤北大宝山矿区和惠州博罗非矿区的2个五节芒种群为试验材料,并采用差速离心技术和化学试剂逐步提取法,比较研究了Cd在2个种群根、茎和叶片中的亚细胞分布及化学形态.结果表明,五节芒2种群各部位的Cd主要富集在细胞壁和以液泡为主的可溶组分,在叶绿体、细胞核和线粒体中的分布较少;2种群根、茎、叶的亚细胞各组分Cd含量由高到低的次序均为:细胞壁组分(F1),可溶组分(F4),细胞核和叶绿体组分(F2),线粒体组分(F3).Cd在五节芒矿区种群根、茎、叶中的含量均显著高于非矿区种群.提高Cd处理质量浓度,对于非矿区种群,Cd在细胞壁(F1)和可溶组分(F4)的分配比例下降,在细胞核和叶绿体组分(F2)与线粒体组分(F3)的分配比例卜升;而对于矿区种群,Cd在细胞壁(F1)的分配比例上升,在可溶组分(F4)、细胞核和叶绿体组分(F2)与线粒体组分(F3)的分配比例下降,细胞壁对Cd的同持作用增强.五节芒2种群根中Cd的化学形态存在着明显差异:低Cd(5 mg·1-1)处理下,矿区种群根中的Cd以水提取态、氯化钠提取态和醋酸提取态为主,各占36.41%、28.15%和17.04%,其它形态所占比例较少;而非矿区种群根中的Cd以氯化钠提取态、水提取态和醋酸提取态所占比例较大,各占31.58%、23.15%和20.85%.提高Cd处理质量浓度,矿区种群根中的氯化钠提取态为优势形态,所占比例提高到41.29%,水提取态所占比例也提高到38.25%.其他提取态所占比例均有不同幅度下降;而非矿区种群根中氯化钠提取态Cd含量比例下降到21.45%,各化学形态的在分配比例上表现为平均化趋势.因此,细胞壁同持、可溶组分的液泡区隔化和向活性较弱的结合形态转移可能是五节芒矿区种群耐Cd的主要机制.     

大力加强安全文化建设

文化是人类社会的精神财富.先进文化是人类社会文明进步的结晶,是能够顺应社会发展规律,揭示未来发展方向,为文明进步提供强有力的思想保证、精神动力和智力支持的文化.     

The relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature during coal spontaneous combustion

Spontaneous combustion is a major natural disaster in coal production. In the process of exploring coal self-ignition, a series of hypotheses have been put forward, most scholars agree that the current coal-oxygen compound theory. Oxygen consumption rate reflects the status of coal spontaneous combustion, and it is also one of the parameters necessary for numerical simulation of coal spontaneous combustion. In this paper, a coal heating and oxidation experiment was designed, Experimental device consists of heating and oxidation furnace, gas chromatograph, temperature control and data acquisition systems and other equipment components. Three coal samples whose weight each is 5 g were selected for the study. By experiment, oxygen concentration at the inlet and outlet of temperature oxidation furnace was measured. Oxygen consumption rate is calculated in the heating process of coal according to air flow. In the Cartesian coordinate system, the temperature as abscissa and the oxygen consumption rate for the longitudinal coordinates, drawing the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and temperature plot. And then regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between oxygen consumption rate and coal temperature during the heating and oxidation process of coal. The results show that the oxygen consumption rate and temperature of coal were linear relationships both before and after the critical temperature when the coal temperature is less than 180 °C. Before the critical temperature oxygen consumption rate is low, however it increases rapidly when coal temperature reaches a critical temperature. The result is important for the prevention and treatment of spontaneous combustion of coal.     

丙烯腈催化剂生产过程危害因素识别与控制

介绍了丙烯腈催化剂生产过程中的危害因素识别过程,并依据其危害的风险度提出应对措施,控制和减少丙烯腈催化剂生产过程中的风险.     

基于WEBGIS的农村环境连片整治工作智能监控系统研究

农村环境连片整治工作自2010年开展以来,连云港市取得了显著的成效,但对农村环境连片整治工作的监控工作仍停留在《全国农村环境监测工作指导意见》（环办[2009]150号）和《江苏省农村地表水环境质量监测实施方案》（苏环然[2007]25号）的要求上,即对连片整治示范区内的农村地表水环境、乡镇和村庄生活污水处理设施进行例行监测,对连片整治示范工程进行验收监测和例行监测工作的层面上。为了加强农村环境连片整治工作的监控,保护农村生态环境,从农村环境连片整治系统架构入手,深入细致地研究了基于WEBGIS的数字监控系统,提出系统所要达到的功能要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地表水中铊的研究

本研究建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地表水中铊的方法。对仪器工作条件进行了优化,用在线内标校正基体效应的干扰,重点考察了样品测定介质、酸度、共存元素干扰等因素对测定结果的影响。在最佳实验条件下,该方法的检出限可达0.003μg/L,线性相关系数不小于0.999 9,加标回收率为93%~110%。与传统的原子吸收法相比,该方法不需要富集等繁琐的前处理过程,具有检出限低、快速、精密度和准确度高等优点。