Centrifugal study of zone of influence during air-sparging

Air sparging (AS) is one of the groundwater remediation techniques for remediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in saturated soil. However, in spite of the success of air sparging as a remediation technique for the cleanup of contaminated soils, to date, the fundamental mechanisms or the physics of air flow through porous media is not well understood. In this study, centrifugal modeling tests were performed to investigate air flow rates and the evolution of the zone of influence during the air sparging under various g-levels. The test results show that with the increase in sparging pressure the mass flow rate of the air sparging volume increases. The air mass flow rate increases linearly with the effective sparging pressure ratio, which is the difference between sparging pressure and hydrostatic pressure normalized with respect to the effective overburden pressure at the sparging point. Also the slope of mass flow rate with effective sparging pressure ratio increases with higher g-levels. This variation of the slope of mass flow rate of air sparging volume versus effective sparging pressure ratio, M, is linear with g-level confirming that the air flow through soil for a given effective sparging pressure ratio only depends on the g-level. The test results also show that with increasing sparging pressure, the zone of influence (ZOI), which consists of the width at the tip of the cone or lateral intrusion and the cone angle, will lead to an increase in both lateral intrusion and the cone angle. With a further increase in air injection pressure, the cone angle reaches a constant value while the lateral intrusion becomes the main contributor to the enlargement of the ZOI. However, beyond a certain value of effective sparging pressure ratio, there is no further enlargement of the ZOI.     

Dissolution behavior of nutrient elements from dephosphorization slag in the weakly acidic solution

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Dephosphorization slag is primarily composed of CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag system. As it contains abundant valuable components,...     

Improving protected area effectiveness through consideration of different human-pressure baselines

Previous assessments of the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) focused primarily on changes in human pressure over time and did not consider the different human-pressure baselines of PAs, thereby potentially over- or underestimating PA effectiveness. We developed a framework that considers both human-pressure baseline and change in human pressure over time and assessed the effectiveness of 338 PAs in China from 2010 to 2020. The initial state of human pressure on PAs was taken as the baseline, and changes in human pressure index (HPI) were further analyzed under different baselines. We used the random forest models to identify the management measures that most improved effectiveness in resisting human pressure for the PAs with different baselines. Finally, the relationships between the changes in the HPI and the changes in natural ecosystems in PAs were analyzed with different baselines. Of PAs with low HPI baselines, medium HPI baselines, and high HPI baselines, 76.92% (n=150), 11.11% (n=12), and 22.86% (n=8) , respectively, showed positive effects in resisting human pressure. Overall, ignoring human-pressure baselines somewhat underestimated the positive effects of PAs, especially for those with low initial human pressure. For PAs with different initial human pressures, different management measures should be taken to improve effectiveness and reduce threats to natural ecosystems. We believe our framework is useful for assessing the effectiveness of PAs globally, and we recommend it be included in the Convention on Biological Diversity Post-2020 Strategy.     

Blockchain technology-based sustainable management research: the status quo and a general framework for future application

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The problems of data leakage and unreliable information transfer in the management process make sustainability management an inevitable need for...     

Prefabrication decisions of the construction supply chain under government subsidies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Prefabrication has been generating increasing interest as a cleaner production strategy to promote sustainable development. Alongside this trend,...     

Influence of different inoculation densities of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on heavy metal immobilization in swine manure

The disposal of organic waste by the biocomposting of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has drawn broad attention. However, the discrepancies in heavy metal immobilization between BSFL biocomposting with different inoculation densities and aerobic composting need to be further researched. In this study, BSFL with inoculation densities of 0.08%, 0.24% and 0.40% was added to swine manure to investigate its influence on heavy metal bioaccumulation and bioavailability. The physicochemical properties, BSFL growth performance and amino acid contents were measured. The results showed that the germination index, total prepupal yield and bioavailable fraction removal rate (%) of Cr and Pb at an inoculation density of 0.40% of BSFL were the highest among all of the BSFL biocomposting groups. Although the bioaccumulation factor and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations of the BSFL body from swine manure with inoculation densities of 0.24% and 0.40% of BSFL were similar, the BSFL inoculation density of 0.40% had the best absorption effect on these heavy metals in terms of total prepupal yield. Therefore, this study provides a basis for exploring the optimal inoculation density of BSFL biocomposting to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in swine manure.

     

基于知识的AVHRR影像的水体自动识别方法与模型研究

根据水体光谱特性，通过分析水体在ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星的ＡＶＨＲＲ影像上的表象特征及与其它相关环境因子在光谱信息上的差异，认为水体在ＡＶＨＲＲ影像上具有光谱可分辨性，从而提出了基于水体光谱知识的水体自动提取识别的水体描述模型，并将该模型应用于太湖、淮河、渤海等地区，取得较好的效果。该模型方法同样可扩展应用于其它传感器获得的影像数据，从而实现遥感信息提取的自动化与智能化     

三十年来的中国泥石流研究

本文通过对我国泥石流研究成果的总结，结合作者们工作的心得体会，就我国３０年来的泥石流研究工作进行回顾与展望；并针对国情和灾情，提出了相应的意见和建议。     

甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.     

酸洗废液制备高纯氧化铁红

以钢板酸洗废液为原料,采用铁粉预处理、除杂、合成、水洗、干燥、煅烧等工序制备高纯氧化铁红.最佳工艺条件为:预处理温度80℃,预处理时间3h,铁粉加入量为理论值的1.5倍;除杂温度65 ℃,聚丙烯酰胺加入量60 mg/L;米用将FeC12溶液和饱和NH4HCO3溶液同时滴加入反应器的方式进行沉淀反应;煅烧温度800℃.在此工艺条件下处理酸洗废液,可制得纯度为99.3％的高纯氧化铁红.