羊草和大针茅光合作用午间降低与生态因子关系的研究

本项研究指出,在晴天条件下,由于土壤水分含量不同,羊草和大针茅的光合作用日进程呈现出两种类型:在土壤水分充足时,为午前高峰型;在土壤干旱时,为双峰型。两者均属于光合作用午间降低的类型。 两种植物相比,在土壤干旱时,羊草比大针茅光合午间降低幅度大得多;在土壤水分充足时,其降低程度相近。无论土壤含水量高低,大气湿度降低均是引起光合午间降低的主要大气生态因子。所不同的是,强光只有在土壤干旱时才是引起光合午间降低的直接生态因子;因此,午后光合高峰的出现是光强下降所致。土壤水分亏缺与大气低湿相配合,加剧了光合午间降低的程度,其降低幅度随着土壤水分的减少而增大。因此,增加土壤水分是减缓光合午间降低程度的主要生态途径。     

大理西湖水质变化趋势分析

通过对１９９１－１９９５年大理州西湖水质监测资料的分析，研究了西湖水质现状及其变化趋势。同时，应用灰色关联度模型对其富营养化进行了评价，并提出防治措施及建议。     

从严治内强化管理把环境保护工作提高到新水平

较详细地介绍了燕化公司近几年运用经济杠杆，不断健全环保激励和约束机制，加强生产源头环保管理，积极开展清洁生产，使燕化地区环境质量不断改善的做法。     

连云港市新海地区水污染集中控制系统

本文论述了连云港市新海地区水污染集中控制系统的四个主要问题：尾水最终出口，污水截流工程，污水集中处理工艺、点源治理规划。提出了的近北远南，截流沟道、河滩漫流、排口分级管理的新观点。     

2-硝基芴的致突变性受共存多环芳烃的影响

本文以Ames试验的TA_(98)菌株研究了2-硝基芴(2-Nitroflurene)在其它多环芳烃共存时,其致突变性的变化.结果显示:它与其它硝基多环芳烃共存时.直接致突变性增强;而与其它无直接致突变性的多环芳烃共存时,其直接致突变性减弱,且多环芳烃的环数越多、减弱作用越强,这可能是因为硝基多环芳烃具有亲电子性,DNA的碱基有亲核性,易于结合,造成DNA的损伤;而多环芳烃一般具有供电子性,阻碍了硝基多环芳烃与DNA碱基的结合.     

气-水联合反冲洗膜污染防治技术研究

采用气-水联合反冲洗技术，考察了气-水比（Qg／Ql）、反冲洗周期及其对膜污染的防治效果。结果表明，气-水联合反冲洗较单独气或水反冲洗效果好；在过滤周期20min，反冲洗时间1min，气-水比1．5时，气-水联合反冲洗能够恢复膜通量到膜清水通量的80％以上。此法可大幅度清除沉积在膜表面的泥饼层，恢复膜通量，维持膜过滤性能的稳定，是一种较为有效的膜污染防治技术。     

Interaction between components of electroplating industry wastes. Influence of the receiving water on the toxicity of the effluent

A copper-cadmium-nickel-zinc mixture was assessed in seven different river waters to study metal toxicity to the ciliate protozoan Colpidium campylum, the interactions occurring between metals, and the influence of the receiving water on toxicity. In the range of concentrations tested, which are representative of electroplating industry wastes, the main part of the toxicity can be attributed to copper and to cadmium-copper synergy. A classification of waters, based on a principal component analysis (PCA), was used to examine the main parameters of the water, which can affect the toxicity of metal mixtures. It appears that the mineralization of the water, more than the total organic carbon (TOC), is an important parameter for the expression of toxicity. A strategy for the estimation of ecotoxicological hazard assessment, based on a simplified factorial experiment is proposed. It enables one to study, in a two-step bioassay, the toxicity of an effluent, the influence of river water on its toxicity, and the effects of contact time and dilution. By applying PCA to data from very different waters, it may be possible to estimate the ecotoxicological risk associated with the discharge of an effluent, on the basis of the chemistry of the receiving water.     

The importance of biological factors affecting trace metal concentration as revealed from accumulation patterns in co-occurring terrestrial invertebrates

As physicochemical properties of the soil highly influence the bioavailable fraction of a particular trace metal, measured metal body burdens in a particular species are often assumed to be more reliable estimators of the contamination of the biota. To test this we compared the Cd, Cu and Zn content of three spiders (generalist predators) and two amphipods (detritivores), co-occurring in seven tidal marshes along the river Schelde, between each other and with the total metal concentrations and the concentrations of four sequential extractions of the soils. Correlations were significant in only one case and significant site x species interactions for all metals demonstrate that factors affecting metal concentration were species and site specific and not solely determined by site specific characteristics. These results emphasize that site and species specific biological factors might be of the utmost importance in determining the contamination of the biota, at least for higher trophic levels. A hypothetical example clarifies these findings.     

Decomposition of volatile organic compounds using corona discharge plasma technology

This paper explores the application of corona plasma technology as a tool in treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The review introduces the principle of corona discharge and describes the characteristics of plasma, especially of various corona plasma reactors. By summarizing the main features of such reactors, this paper provides a brief background to different power sources and reactor configurations and their application to VOC treatment design. Considering chlorinated compounds, benzene series and sulfur compounds, this paper reveals the probable mechanism of corona plasma in VOC degradation. Additionally, the effects of numerous technical parameters – such as reactor structure, shape and materials of electrodes, and humidity – are analyzed comprehensively. Product distribution, energy efficiency and economic benefits are invoked as factors to evaluate the performance of VOC degradation. Finally, the practical application of corona plasma and its advantages are briefly introduced. The review aims to illustrate the enormous potential of corona plasma technology in the treatment of VOCs, and identifies future directions.

Implications: This paper comprehensively describes the principle, characteristics, research progress and engineering application examples of the degradation of volatile organics by corona discharge plasma, to provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of this process.     

微生物还原浸出法回收废旧电池粉末中的金属锰

驯化培养K1、K2、K3 3株锰还原异养微生物,使微生物耐受电池重金属离子的能力提高.通过微生物的还原作用将二氧化锰还原成二价锰离子回收利用.微生物利用MnO2作为代谢呼吸链最终电子受体,传递氧化有机物产生的电子,还原溶浸锰于介质中.与其他菌株相比,K1菌株表现出很强的金属耐受性,最终浸出率可达93%.