将ISO14000纳入建设项目环境保护管理程序

ＩＳＯ１４０００ 系列标准是关于环境管理方面的国际标准,本文就如何将其纳入我国的建设项目环境保护管理程序,使新建项目或改扩建项目从试运行阶段就由企业自身对其环境行为进行控制,实现企业环境管理由被动转为主动,从而提高我国的建设项目环境保护管理水平作了初步探讨．     

液氯的清洁生产工艺

对氨盐法、氟利昂法和高温高压法生产液氯的3种生产工艺流程、工艺特点进行了具体分析，指出了高温高压清洁生产工艺不仅经济而且环保，是企业生产液氯产品的必由之路。     

一种新型的MR隔震减振支座及其剪切性能试验研究

基于磁流变(MR)智能材料的减振器技术的研究可以为实现工程结构隔震减振自适应控制开辟一条新的途径。设计加工了一种新型的分体式MR隔震减振支座,并对该隔震减振支座的剪切性能进行了试验研究。新型MR隔震减振支座包含MR塑性体工作单元和MR弹性体工作单元,其中MR塑性体提供小位移工况时的刚度和阻尼,MR弹性体提供大位移工况时的刚度和阻尼。结果表明:新型MR隔震减振支座的剪切刚度随着工作电流强度的增大而增大,相较无电流工况,电流强度为2A时等效剪切刚度相对变化率可达到50%以上;无电流输入时支座中基体及普通填充橡胶仍可提供一定阻尼力,能够有效吸收振动能量,达到中高阻尼橡胶支座的性能;竖向压应力提高了新型MR隔震减振支座的剪切刚度;小位移时加载频率的降低对新型MR隔震减振支座的剪切刚度有增益效果。该新型MR隔震减振支座可以适用于震动荷载工况复杂多变,需要严格控制大位移变形的隔震结构物。     

生物样品中氯苯类化合物的提取和测定

以水草和鱼样品为研究对象,采用超声波法提取生物样品中的氯苯类化合物(CBS)并用气相色谱进行定性和定量分析.结果表明:用超声波提取生物样品中CBS的最佳提取溶剂为正己烷,功率为25W,提取时间为20 min.植物和动物样品中CBS的提取方法稍有不同.在最佳提取条件下,鱼样中的平均加标回收率为75.2%～91.6%,水草中的平均加标回收率为88.2%～94.3%.另外,要根据污染物的检出限,确定生物样品中污染物提取的浓缩倍数.结论:用超声波法提取生物样品中的CBs的方法是可行的.     

不同气候生态条件下水稻品种产量、功能性成分含量及稳定性

培育高γ-氨基丁酸和抗性淀粉的水稻品种,并明确其适宜的生态条件是水稻功能性育种和栽培的重要环节之一.选用云南和浙江近期育成的水稻Oryza sativa L.粳籼品种(系)21个,按粳籼品种(系)分组后分别在云南粳籼稻区10个点种植,比较研究不同生态条件其产量、γ-氨基丁酸和抗性淀粉含量变异及稳定性.结果表明:供试11个粳稻品种(系)产量的平均值为8 485.0kg/hm2,变化幅度为4 129.8～10 159.2 kg/hm2,其中以HIPjl最低.10个籼稻品种(系)产量变化范围在380.1～7 995.6 kg/hm2,其中以W229最低.滇农S-1/毫梅、滇农S-1/滇靖8号、功米6号、文稻1号/IR36和RS21属于高产而稳定性较好的品种.粳稻平均GABA的含量在108.7～157.1 mg·kg-1之间,平均值为128.9 mg·kg-1;其抗性淀粉含量在0.48%～0.73%之间,平均值为0.62%.籼稻品种的平均GABA含量在86.1～186.9 mg·kg-1之间,平均值为133.04 mg·kg-1,变异系数范围为2.33%～19.75%;其平均抗性淀粉含量为0.18%～2.52%,平均值为0.85%.其中滇农S-1/毫梅、功米6号、银光、HIPil和文稻2号/IR36属于高GABA而稳定性较好的品种.滇农S-1/毫梅、65-36/云粳136、功米6号、RS21和滇屯502/双籼稻属于高RS而稳定性较好的品种.不同气候生态条件下参试品种的GABA和RS的变异,籼稻大于粳稻.     

海拔梯度上的植物生长与生理生态特性

环境是植物生存和发展的条件,在各种不同的生境中聚生着特定的植物种类.全球气候变化迅速而显著地改变着高海拔地区的生态环境,这必将导致山地植物生理生态适应性、分布界限等发生变化,这些变化反过来又会对气候变化造成深远影响.因此,研究山地植物的生理生态特性,揭示其对全球气候变化的响应和适应性,具有重要的现实与科学意义.海拔梯度由于包含了温度、湿度、光照等诸多环境因子的剧烈变化而成为了研究植物对全球气候变化响应的理想区域.随着海拔升高,气温下降、大气压及CO2分压降低、光强增加等,植物的生态和生理特征将产生巨大的变化,可能影响到植物种类在海拔梯度上的分布、植物群落的结构组成.一些亟待回答的问题包括:全球气候变化将如何影响高山植物的生长环境?环境变化如何影响植物生理生态适应性?植物群落的分布、结构和组成将发生哪些变化?这些变化又将怎么样影响气候进一步变化?众多的研究报导了树木的生理生态特征、生长速率和生产力等对海拔的响应.本文在总结前人研究的基础上,系统地综述了海拔梯度上温度、水分、光照、土壤等环境因子的差异对高山植物的生长及生理生态特性的影响,以及植被分布的变化,旨在阐明植物对全球气候变化的行为与生理生态响应,以期为该领域的深入研究提供参考.     

Externalities,Floating Population and Spatial Agglomeration

Abstract

With the further development of socialist market economy, the mobility of factor markets in China, especially the labor market, is strengthened. Externalities interacts with the agglomeration of productive factors. Under the framework of new economic geography, this article presents a theoretical model involving the endogenous population density affected by urban externalities. Results show that the population density is more concentrated around the center because the degree and extent of interaction between individuals intensifies when the distance from the center decreases. When there are several externalities resources, the aggregation of externalities changes the configuration of spatial factor allocation. These results fit well with the empirical facts about the decreasing density of floating population along the cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong Province which is situated in the eastern coast of the Pearl River Delta. We find that under the impacts of externalities released from Hong Kong into the coast, floating population was more concentrated around Shenzhen and Dongguan, which are more adjacent to Hong Kong compared with Guangzhou City.     

Regulating non-precious transition metal nitrides bifunctional electrocatalysts through surface/interface nanoengineering for air-cathodes of Zn-air batteries

Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially the secondary batteries, have engrossed a great interest because of its high specific energy, economical and high safety. However, due to the insufficient activity and stability of bifunctional electrocatalysts for air-cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, the practical application of rechargeable ZABs is seriously hindered. In the effort of developing high active, stable and cost-effective electrocatalysts, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been regarded as the candidates due to their high conductivity, strong corrosion-resistance, and bifunctional catalytic performance. In this paper, the research progress in TMNs-based material as ORR and OER electrocatalysts for ZABs is discussed with respect to their synthesis, chemical/physical characterization, and performance validation/optimization. The surface/interface nanoengineering strategies such as defect engineering, support binding, heteroatom introduction, crystal plane orientation, interface construction and small size effect, the physical and chemical properties of TMNs-based electrocatalysts are emphasized with respect to their structures/morphologies, composition, electrical conductivity, specific surface area, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. The challenges of TMNs-based materials as bifunctional air-cathode electrocatalysts in practical application are evaluated, and numerous research guidelines to solve these problems are put forward for facilitating further research and development.     

An analysis of coupling coordination relationship between regional economy and transportation: empirical evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing discrepancy between a regional economy and transportation imposes higher requirements for their coordinated development. This paper...