壳聚糖复合吸附剂对油的吸附性能

以天然可生物降解的壳聚糖和硬脂酸为原料,通过壳聚糖2位氨基与硬脂酸的羧基相互作用,引入疏水烷基链,制备了疏水的壳聚糖-硬脂酸复合吸附剂(简称复合吸附剂),采用傅立叶红外光谱、X射线衍射对复合吸附剂的结构进行表征,并考察了复合吸附剂对油的回收性能.实验结果表明:壳聚糖和硬脂酸以离子形式结合得到复合吸附剂;当硬脂酸与壳聚糖质量比为0.7时,硬脂酸的结合量最大;复合吸附剂对油的吸附量、保油率、脱附率的顺序分别为花生油(14.93 g/g)>甲基硅油(10.71 g/g)>液体石蜡(9.37 g/g),花生油(94.51%)>液体石蜡(90.74%)>甲基硅油(78.69%),花生油(95.62%)>液体石蜡(93.27%)>甲基硅油(90.73%).     

硫化氢的强化分离及其对产酸脱硫生物反应系统的影响

在完全混合式产酸脱硫生物系统中,利用负压抽提法强化H2S的气液分离,以NaOH溶液吸收H2S气体。抽提装置实现对H2S自动、连续抽提与吸收,在60mmH2O柱负压力范围分离出H2S的量与抽提压力呈线性正相关。抽提作用可促进SRB对碳源底物的转化,显著提高硫化物的气/液比例,增加系统中硫化物的转化率。抽提后硫化物的气/液比例(摩尔比)由0044上升到061、分离出的H2S在硫化物总生成量中的比例由42%增加到356%,硫化物转化率由平均494%提高至610%。抽提作用可以提高系统的硫酸盐去除率和酸碱缓冲能力,同时可以纯化和浓缩H2S。     

新型劳动防护用品的分析与探讨

本文概述了国内外劳动防护用品的发展历程以及标准情况，分析了新型劳动防护用品的四大特点和影响其发展的主要因素。     

Energy revolution:for a sustainable future

The discovery and use of fossil fuels have not only helped the evolution of human society from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization,but also caused serious environmental and climate problems.The earth is calling for a sustainable future,and a change from industrial civilization to ecological civilization based on the new"energy revolution".A macroscopic quantitative analysis of China’s environmental capacity and climate capacity shows that China is in urgent need of changing the extensive developing mode and having an energy revolution.It is foreseeable that fossil fuels will remain the most consumed source of energies in China now and in the next few decades.Although the efficient and clean use of fossil fuels are very important,this is not an energy revolution or the fundamental solution to environmental and climate problems.Unconventional gases including shale gas play an important role in the mitigation of environmental problems and climate change,but"shale gas revolution"or"shale gas era"is not suitable to China since the proportion of natural gas in primary energy structure in China can only be increased by a maximum of 20%.The transition of Chinese energy structure from fossil-fuels-dominating stage to multiple-energy-sources stage and then to a nonfossil-fuels-dominating stage is the inevitable future,with the help of great contribution from renewable energy and nuclear energy.Among renewable energies,the proportion of non-hydro renewable energies will gradually increase.Improvement of their market competitiveness(economic efficiency)relies on technological innovation.Renewable energies will be the main energy source for the earth in future.Despite the impact of the Fukushima nuclear disaster,the whole world,including China,will not give up nuclear energy development.Safe,steady,and large-scale development of nuclear power is a rational choice of China.Transition from nuclear fission power plant to nuclear fusion power plant is the inevitable future.Nuclear energy will be a sustainable energy source and another main energy source of the earth in future.China needs to enhance energy security consciousness,promote energy saving,and change the energy supply-demand patterns,that is the transition from"meet a too-fast-growing demand with an extensive supply"to"meet a reasonable demand with a rational supply".All countries need to work together to address global environmental problems and climate change.Energy revolution is the foundation for a sustainable future.With a wide range of international cooperation,the win-win cooperation is the only way of overcoming these challenges.     

Humic acid transport in saturated porous media: Influence of flow velocity and influent concentration

Understanding the transport of humic acids（HAs） in porous media can provide important and practical evidence needed for accurate prediction of organic/inorganic contaminant transport in different environmental media and interfaces. A series of column transport experiments was conducted to evaluate the transport of HA in different porous media at different flow velocities and influent HA concentrations. Low flow velocity and influent concentration were found to favor the adsorption and deposition of HA onto sand grains packed into columns and to give higher equilibrium distribution coefficients and deposition rate coefficients, which resulted in an increased fraction of HA being retained in columns.Consequently, retardation factors were increased and the transport of HA through the columns was delayed. These results suggest that the transport of HA in porous media is primarily controlled by the attachment of HA to the solid matrix. Accordingly, this attachment should be considered in studies of HA behavior in porous media.     

黑碳监测在博物馆文物环境评价中的应用研究

每个博物馆所处地理环境、气候均有所不同,如何对博物馆展厅环境进行全面监测,最终对陈列展示的文物形成一套完整而有效的保护体系,是文物保护工作人员研究的主要课题。试验采用黑碳监测仪对上海中国航海博物馆展厅内部及馆外空气质量同步进行监测,根据采集到的数据分析,对馆内及周边黑碳的来源、浓度建立了一个初步的环境评价,同时,对博物馆今后文物保护工作所需注意事项也提出了相应的建议。     

土壤中胡敏酸提取方法的优化

以国际腐殖质协会(IHSS)推荐的胡敏酸提取方法为基础,以去有机质土壤中添加胡敏酸所配制的土壤为研究对象,引入超声作为胡敏酸提取的辅助条件,采用批次试验优化了土壤中胡敏酸的提取方法。结果表明,基于胡敏酸提取回收率和精密度,在室温下获得的优化提取方法为:液土比为8:1、提取次数为3次、Na OH溶液浓度为0.05 mol/L、超声功率为120 W、超声时间为30 min;在此优化条件下,胡敏酸的回收率为94.73%±1.50%,显著大于IHSS推荐方法的回收率64.76%±0.28%,变异系数CV为1.59%、小于10%。相对于IHSS提取法,此优化提取法具有胡敏酸提取回收率高、资源节约、胡敏酸变性小、提取时间短等优点。     

典型生态学方向研究性实验案例设计与教学实践研究

以研究性实验案例“公众参与调查”教学设计为例,结合笔者多年实践教学经验,探索了将理论方法转化为具体实验教学方法的途径,介绍了将该实验方法应用于具体的教学实践过程,阐释了实验教学各环节和具体过程,尤其是将问卷调查法融入具体教学,列举了部分实验结果,总结了教学过程反馈的若干问题.希望本文在实验设计与教学实践方面的探索,为深化中国高校实践教学改革提供行之有效的借鉴.