一种吸油泡沫材料的吸油性及吸油机理探讨

吸油泡沫作为一种新型吸油材料,其吸油性能在应用于溢油应急处置领域有待系统开发研究。文章通过对该吸油泡沫材料在动静态条件下、不同温度条件下对油类的吸附性能测试,以及对不同形状泡沫吸附油类性能的测试,主要分析了该吸油泡沫吸油性能的宏观影响因素,并进一步结合材料自身的扫描电镜结构、官能团组成等,对该吸油泡沫材料的吸油机理进行初步探讨,以期为其吸油性试验方法提供参考,也为该吸油泡沫材料下一步在溢油应急实践中的应用提供一定的理论依据。     

汕头港环境承载力及可持续发展研究

研究海湾环境承载力旨在协调海湾区域内环境系统之间的矛盾,缓解社会经济发展对海湾河口水域环境的压力。本研究从探讨海湾环境承载力定义出发,结合海湾环境的特点,选取28项指标,构建汕头港生态环境承载力的评价指标体系。以2005年-2009年数据为例,以熵权法计算各评价指标的客观权重,并应用空间状态法对这5年环境的承载力水平做出评价。分析评价结果可知：汕头港近5年环境承载力水平及其经济子承载力水平从弱载转变为适载,生态环境子承载力仅有2005年为适载,其他四年均处于弱载水平,汕头港区发展潜力大。并在此基础上,针对汕头港的可持续发展提出建议。     

汉中市人居环境与满意度评价研究

文章从对城市人居环境概念的剖析入手,制订了其评价指标体系。并以此通过问卷调查的形式,运用数学统计分析的方法,定量地研究了汉中市人居环境满意度,其结果表明居民一般满意汉中市的人居环境。最后为汉中市人居环境的发展提出了4点优化措施。     

低碳城市的评价指标体系完善与发展综合评价研究

首先,分析了低碳城市的概念和内涵;其次,在对已有的低碳城市评价指标体系评述的基础上,基于系统科学的观点,提出了比较全面的低碳城市评价指标体系;最后,从建设实践的角度,讨论了低碳城市发展的综合评价问题。     

Optimization and evaluation of steel industry’s water-use system

In the steel industry, water is mainly used for cleaning and cooling. All these different tasks produce wastewaters that differ not only in quantity but also in quality. This study integrates all water-use processes into a system and applies substance flow analysis to build up an optimization model and an evaluation index system for the water-use network of a steel enterprise. Based on the index system, water-use status of large steel enterprises in China is evaluated and problems in the present water consumption are identified. A contrast analysis between present and optimized water-use is conducted, which then serves as the basis for the network optimization and countermeasure articulation. Finally, an analysis has been made on one of the most important and largest steel enterprise in China. The results indicate that after optimization fresh water consumption can be decreased by 11.1% and wastewater discharge can be decreased by 94.54%.     

Inhibition and recovery of nitrification in treating real coal gasification wastewater with moving bed biofilm reactor

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used to treat real coal gasification wastewater. Nitrification of the MBBR was inhibited almost completely during start-up period. Sudden increase of influent total NH3 concentration was the main factor inducing nitrification inhibition. Increasing DO concentration in the bulk liquid (from 2 to 3 mg/L) had little e ect on nitrification recovery. Nitrification of the MBBR recovered partially by the addition of nitrifying sludge into the reactor and almost ceased within 5 days. Nitrification ratio of the MBBR achieved 65% within 12 days by increasing dilute ratio of the influent wastewater with tap water. The ratio of nitrification decreased to 25% when influent COD concentration increased from 650 to 1000 mg/L after nitrification recovery and recovered 70% for another 4 days.     

矿井安全监控系统的管理

煤矿安全是近年来国家安全管理工作的重中之重,也是我国建立和谐社会必须要解决的问题之一.对此,国家投入了大量的人力物力来进行研究和科技攻关,以期能够对事故的发生机理和认识有所突破,从而能够有效地控制事故.其中,强调对矿井瓦斯等危险有害因素进行实时监控,及时发现其变化及其趋势,从而可以预先判断事故发生的可能性,达到提前预测事故、控制事故发生的目的.而国务院安全生产委员会也于2003年7月4日下发的《煤矿安全生产基本条件》第十条中规定:"高瓦斯、煤与瓦斯突出矿井应有瓦斯抽放措施,并装备安全监控系统",这也充分体现了国家在矿山安全管理方面对安全监控系统的重视.     

我国地方层面生态补偿实践经验与借鉴

生态补偿机制的构建,不仅有利于缩小区际间的差距,还原生态以价值,而且还是环境降压的出口,促进环境建设,走可持续发展的道路。文章以生态补偿实践应用的角度为切入点,从流域、省域和地市3个层面系统分析了地方生态补偿的实践经验,在此基础上提出了现有的实践经验对我国地方层面生态补偿所带来的借鉴与启示。     

下击暴流的三维仿真和回波特征分析

下击暴流产生的强风切变对飞机的飞行和起降危害严重,为避免其对飞行的危害,需充分认识下击暴流的气流结构特征。该文利用特征风场建模方法,仿真了下击暴流的三维结构。通过设置风场的特征半径、扭曲因子、风场中心位置及上限高度,仿真对称与不对称的切变风场。对仿真的三维风场沿雷达径向投影,得到下击暴流的雷达径向速度。通过分析下击暴流的三维空间结构和对应的雷达回波特征,验证了仿真风场的结构与实际观测相吻合。研究结果表明,对下击暴流的雷达回波分析,有利于飞行员对下击暴流的识别和预警,有助于保障飞行安全。     

A kinetic study of Mn(II) precipitation of leached aqueous solution from electrolytic manganese residues

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a type of solid waste discharged from the process that converts solid manganese carbonate of rhodochrosite into soluble Mn(II) and generates anode mud under electrolysis. The experimental material was a filtrate created by using distilled water as a dispersal agent for the EMR, followed by simple filtration. A calculated amount of sodium carbonate was added to recover the soluble Mn(II) via precipitation into manganese carbonate. Data showed that Mn concentration may be markedly decreased from 2069 to 36 mg/L, thereby reaching a recovery rate as high as 98%. Analysis demonstrated that precipitation of Mn(II) from a leached aqueous solution followed first-order kinetics. The findings indicate that the reaction rate constant decreased as temperature gradually rose and that its apparent activation energy E_a was ?10.48 kJ/mol.