徐州市大气PM2.5与O3作用关系的季节变化

通过2013~2017年徐州市环境监测资料分析季风影响下主要大气复合污染物PM_2.5和O₃的相关性,并基于气象观测资料进一步探究PM_2.5和O₃相互作用机制的季节变化特征.结果表明：夏季风季节,PM_2.5和O₃呈正相关,相关系数高达0.56;冬季风季节,PM_2.5和O₃呈负相关,相关系数为-0.34,均通过了99%的置信检验,表明徐州市PM_2.5和O₃相互作用呈现相反的季节变化.夏季风季节,太阳辐射强,气温较高,大气氧化性较强,O₃主导大气氧化性,大气氧化性通过促进二次颗粒物生成使得PM_2.5浓度升高,夏季风季节以O₃对PM_2.5的促进作用主导城市大气复合污染变化;冬季风季节,太阳辐射弱,气温较低,大气氧化性较弱,高浓度的PM_2.5削弱太阳辐射抑制大气光化学,导致O₃生成率降低,冬季风季节以PM_2.5对O₃的抑制作用主导城市大气复合污染变化.     

铀污染土壤生物修复研究进展

生物修复是一种工艺简单、费用低廉、环境友好的修复方式,在铀土壤污染的修复治理中具有较好的应用前景。根据文献调研结果,介绍了铀污染土壤生物修复最新研究进展,包括铀污染土壤植物修复、微生物修复和植物-微生物共生体系修复,最后指出了今后铀污染土壤生物修复治理的研究重点。     

Determination of paraquat in water samples using a sensitive fluorescent probe titration method

Paraquat (PQ), a nonselective herbicide, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. Thus, its determination through direct fluorescent methods is not feasible. The supramolecular inclusion interaction of PQ with cucurbit[7]uril was studied by a fluorescent probe titration method. Significant quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the cucurbit[7]uril-coptisine fluorescent probe was observed with the addition of PQ. A new fluorescent probe titration method with high selectivity and sensitivity at the ng/mL level was developed to determine PQ in aqueous solutions with good precision and accuracy based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of PQ in lake water, tap water, well water, and ditch water in an agricultural area, with recoveries of 96.73% to 105.77%. The fluorescence quenching values (ΔF) showed a good linear relationship with PQ concentrations from 1.0×10^-8 to 1.2× 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.35×10^-9 mol/L. In addition, the interaction models of the supramolecular complexes formed between the host and the guest were established using theoretical calculations. The interaction mechanism between the cucurbit[7]uril and PQ was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.     

FeSO_4对厌氧氨氧化微生物活性影响

研究FeSO4对厌氧氨氧化微生物活性的影响,考察不同总氮负荷下加入FeSO4的反应器与对照反应器出水NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N出水浓度及反应器ΔTN,结果表明,当FeSO4浓度为0.1 mmol/L时,反应器NO-2-N出水浓度明显低于对照,反应器基质去除能力强于对照,而反应器NO-3-N出水浓度则高于对照,反应器厌氧氨氧化微生物活性及生物量高于对照。FeSO4可促进厌氧氨氧化微生物富集生长及活性提高,增强反应器基质去除能力及抗负荷冲击能力。     

黑龙江及周边3次中等地震震前活动能量场及物理升温现象时空特征分析

通过计算地震活动能量距平场,研究了黑龙江及其附近区域3次中等地震前的研究区能量场在地震孕育过程中相关的物理时空变化特征。结果显示,地震活动能量场的时间曲线呈较大幅度上升可能预示了发生中强震的时间段,而地震活动能量场等值线高值变化区对应了可能发生M5以上地震的区域。结合热红外卫星长波辐射(OLR)值发现,地震前能量场等值线高值变化区升温明显,表明研究区能量场处于能量积累(释放)增强的状态。这些特征的提取,对该地区中强地震的中短期预测有一定的指导意义。     

GD—L2型流气式固体氡源标定测氡仪的方法及影响因素浅析

GD—L2型流气式固体氡源具有操作简便、体积小、易携带、氡产生率较稳定的性能,与RN—150型负压氡源相比较,它最大的特点就是常压下开放式采样,标定K值的准确度往往受操作熟练程度和气压等气候条件的影响。为减小误差提高K值准确度,标定时采用"双连法"对被标仪器和闪烁室进行采样,根据标定时当地的气压和温度对恒流采样泵流速进行改正,实地验证气压等因素对标定结果的影响,本文还对标定方法和技巧进行定性分析和阐述。     

洞庭湖地区洪水灾害风险评估

综合当前国内外学者的理论及方法,以灾害风险系统是致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体共同作用的系统为基础,对洞庭湖地区进行洪水灾害风险评估,其中致灾因子用暴雨及以上降雨的加权频次来描述,孕灾环境用地形和河网密度来描述,承灾体脆弱性用内在脆弱性和抗灾救灾能力来描述。首先,对区域洪水致灾因子危险性进行评估;其次,对孕灾环境危险性进行评估;再次,对承灾体脆弱性进行评估;最后,对三者进行叠加分析得出洞庭湖地区洪水灾害风险区划图。其中,沿长江地区、湘江入湖地区和澧水河入湖地区洪水灾害风险高;其次是沿洞庭湖周围地区风险较高;洞庭湖地区边缘风险较低。     

Male remating and female fitness in the wolf spider Pardosa astrigera: the role of male mating history

Although the effects of male mating history on female reproductive output and longevity have been studied in insects, few such studies have been carried out in spiders. In a mating system in which females are monandrous while males are polygynous, females may incur the risk by mating with successful males that have experienced consecutive matings and suffer from the possible depletion of sperm and/or associated ejaculates. Here, we examine the effects of male mating history on male courtship and copulation duration, female reproductive fitness, and female adult longevity of the wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera. Results indicated that male mating frequency had little effect on their subsequent copulation success, and of 35 males tested, about half of the males were able to copulate with five virgin females successively at an interval of 24 h. Male mating history had little effect on their courtship duration. However, male mating history significantly affected male copulation duration, female adult longevity, and reproductive output. Males that mated more frequently copulated longer and more likely failed to cause their mates to produce a clutch, although there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid and the number of eggs hatched regardless of the first clutch or the second one. Multiple mating of male P. astrigera resulted in significant reduction in female adult longevity. Our results indicate that monandrous females mating with multiple-mated males may incur substantial fitness costs.     

Soil microbial characteristics at the monitoring plots on windthrow areas of the Tatra National Park (Slovakia): their assessment as environmental indicators

This study focused on the responses of soil microorganisms to different management regimes on disturbed windthrow areas. Microbial parameters potentially serving as indicators of environmental changes within a long-term monitoring of forest development after large-scale disturbance events were assessed. Basal and substrate-induced respiration, N mineralisation, catalase activity, microbial biomass as well as functional diversity based on Biolog assay were determined in soil samples from three disturbed plots and an undisturbed reference plot in the Tatra National Park (Slovakia) since 2006. A relative congruence of inter-annual trends of microbial activity indicators at all plots results from a common response of microbiota to changes of climate at the landscape level after forest stands were destroyed. While catalase activity and functional diversity proved to be useful indicators of temporal trends, microbial biomass seems to reflect different management regimes at the disturbed plots.     

Purification of starch and phosphorus wastewater using core-shell magnetic seeds prepared by sulfated roasting

Core-shell magnetic seeds with certain adsorption capacity that were prepared by sulfated roasting, served as the core of a magnetic separation technology for purification of starch wastewater. XRD and SEM results indicate that magnetite's surface transformed to be porous α-Fe_2O_3 structure. Compared with magnetite particles, the specific surface area was significantly improved to be 8.361 from 2.591 m~2/g, with little decrease in specific susceptibility. Zeta potential, FT-IR and XPS experiments indicate that both phosphate and starch adsorbed on the surface of the core-shell magnetic seeds by chemical adsorption, which fits well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The porous surface structure of magnetic seeds significantly contributes to the adsorption of phosphate and starch species, which can be efficiently removed to be 1.51 mg/L(phosphate) and 9.51 mg/L(starch) using magnetic separation.