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951.
In China, the health risk from overexposure to particles is becoming an important public health concern. To investigate daily exposure characteristics to PM 2.5 with high ambient concentration in urban area, a personal exposure study was conducted for school children, and office workers in Beijing, China. For all participants (N = 114), the mean personal 24-hr exposure concentration was 102.5, 14.7, 0.093, 0.528, 0.934, 0.174 and 0.703 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 , black carbon, Mn, Al, Ca, Pb, and Fe. Children's exposure concentrations of PM 2.5 were 4-5 times higher than those in related studies. The ambient concentration of PM 2.5 (128.5 μg/m 3 ) was significantly higher than the personal exposure concentration (P 0.05), and exceed the reference concentration (25 μg/m 3 ) of WHO air quality guideline. Good correlation relationships and significant differences were identified between ambient concentration and personal exposure concentration. The relationships indicate that the ambient concentration is the main factor influencing personal exposure concentration, but is not a good indicator of personal exposure concentration. Outdoor activities (commute mode, exposure to heating, workday or weekend travel) influenced personal exposure concentrations significantly, but the magnitude of the influence from indoor activities (exposure to cooking) was masked by the high ambient concentrations. 相似文献
952.
重庆主城区流域邻苯二甲酸酯生态风险评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以长江、嘉陵江重庆主城区段为研究水域,利用Agilent6890N气相色谱仪对丰水期该研究水域12个采样点水体中五种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量进行测定,分析了PAEs在该区域水体中丰水期的分布特征并进行了生态安全评价。结果表明:丰水期水体中∑PAEs的浓度范围为0.87μg/L-55.66μg/L;DBP与DEHP为优先污染物,其浓度范围在0.15μg/L-28.32μg/L与0.26μg/L-26.29μg/L;按商值法对PAEs进行生态安全评价,DMP、DEP对该水域中水生动植物无生态风险,DBP和DEHP存在潜在低风险。 相似文献
953.
Shuo Wei Lei Du Shuo Chen Hongtao Yu Xie Quan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(1):11
954.
Xiaohui Wang Shuai Du Tao Ya Zhiqiang Shen Jing Dong Xiaobiao Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):14
955.
Wang Qiugui Sha Zhanjiang Wang Jinlong Du Jinzhou Hu Jufang Ma Yujun 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2019,41(5):2093-2111
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Sediment sequences in Lake Qinghai spanning the past 100 years were explored to assess the effects of changes in local land desertification, dust... 相似文献
956.
为探究陆生植物对水华蓝藻的化感作用,本文采用不同浓度的蟛蜞菊(Wedelia chinensis)水提液对卵孢金孢藻(Chrysosporum ovalisporum)进行了为期6 d的室内培养试验,结果发现:蟛蜞菊水提液对卵孢金孢藻的化感作用总体上呈"低促高抑";当蟛蜞菊水提液浓度大于6 g·L~(-1)时,将显著降低卵孢金孢藻光合作用有效量子效率(YⅡ)、最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素a(Chla)含量和藻细胞生物量(P0.01);当浓度大于8 g·L~(-1)时,单位藻细胞内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),表明蓝藻细胞受到较强的胁迫作用;透射电镜观察结果表明:高浓度蟛蜞菊水提液会破坏细胞膜,导致藻细胞内的类囊体、羧基体、气囊等超微结构受损,并最终导致藻细胞溶解、藻丝断裂和死亡。此外,本文利用Logisitic模型研究了蟛蜞菊水提液对卵孢金孢藻的半效应浓度(EC50),其24 h、48 h、72 h和144 h的EC50分别为:3.78 g·L~(-1)、4.47 g·L~(-1)、4.72 g·L~(-1)和6.55 g·L~(-1)。本研究为中国湖泊蓝藻水华的防治增添了基础数据和新的技术思路。 相似文献
957.
958.
959.
Xinhua WANG Jingmei LI Xiufen LI Guocheng DU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):615-622
Among the numerous parameters affecting the membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, the aeration intensity is one of the most important factors. In the present investigation, an anoxic/aerobic-type (A/O-type) sequencing batch MBR system, added anoxic process as a pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of azo dye wastewater, was investigated under different aeration intensities and the impact of the aeration intensity on effluent quantity, sludge properties, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) amount generated as well as the change of permeation flux were examined. Neither lower nor higher aeration intensities could improve A/O-type sequencing batch MBR performances. The results showed 0.15 m3·h-1 aeration intensity was promising for treatment of azo dye wastewater under the conditions examined. Under this aeration intensity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen and color removal as well as membrane flux amounted to 97.8%, 96.5%, 98.7% and 6.21 L·m-2·h-1, respectively. The effluent quality, with 25.0 mg·L-1COD, 0.84 mg·L-1 ammonium nitrogen and 8 chroma, could directly meet the reuse standard in China. In the meantime, the sludge relative hydrophobicity, the bound EPS, soluble EPS and EPS amounts contained in the membrane fouling layer were 70.3%, 52.0 mg·g-1VSS, 38.8 mg·g-1VSS and 90.8 mg·g-1VSS, respectively, which showed close relationships to both pollutant removals and membrane flux. 相似文献
960.
Integrating Stressor and Response Monitoring into a Resource-Based Water-Quality Assessment Framework 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dirk J. Roux Phillip L. Kempster Cornelius J. Kleynhans Henk R. Van Vliet Hein H. Du Preez 《Environmental management》1999,23(1):15-30
Following a global trend, the new policy goals emphasize the need to protect rather than to use the ability of ecosystems
to recover from disturbances. This necessitates the adoption of response measurements to quantify ecological condition and
monitor ecological change. Response monitoring focuses on properties that are essential to the sustainability of the ecosystem.
These monitoring tools can be used to establish natural ranges of ecological change within ecosystems, as well as to quantify
conceptually acceptable and unacceptable ranges of change. Through a framework of biological criteria and biological impairment
standards, the results of response monitoring can become an integral part of future water resource management strategies in
South Africa. 相似文献