Predicted no-effect concentrations for mercury species and ecological risk assessment for mercury pollution in aquatic environment

Mercury (Hg) exists in different chemical forms presenting varied toxic potentials. It is necessary to explore an ecological risk assessment method for different mercury species in aquatic environment. The predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for Hg(II) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in the aqueous phase, calculated using the species sensitivity distribution method and the assessment factor method, were 0.39 and 6.5 × 10^− 3 μg/L, respectively. The partition theory of Hg between sediment and aqueous phases was considered, along with PNECs for the aqueous phase to conduct an ecological risk assessment for Hg in the sediment phase. Two case studies, one in China and one in the Western Black Sea, were conducted using these PNECs. The toxicity of mercury is heavily dependent on their forms, and their potential ecological risk should be respectively evaluated on the basis of mercury species.     

电生羟基自由基降解有机染料的研究

以Pb／PbO2为工作电极，以CoSO4为催化剂，利用电生羟基自由基对中性红、罗丹明B、碱性品红等3种有机染料进行了降解。并且研究了电解电位、pH值、温度等因素对染料降解脱色的影响。结果表明．脱色率接近100％，COD去除率达90％以上。实验证明反应符合一级反应动力学模式，实验还测定了动力学参数。     

A biological safety evaluation on reclaimed water reused as scenic water using a bioassay battery

An assessment method based on three toxicity tests (algae growth inhibition, daphnia immobilization and larval fish toxicity) was used to screen the biological safety of reclaimed water which was reused as sole replenishment for scenic water system in a park (SOF Park) in northern China. A total of 24 water samples were collected from six sites of water system in the SOF Park in four different seasons. The results indicated that: (1) the reclaimed water directly discharged from a reclamation treatment plant near the SOF Park as influent of park had relatively low biological safety (all samples were ranked as C or D); (2) the biological safety of reclaimed water was improved greatly with the ecological reclamation treatment processes composing of artificial wetland system and followed oxidation pond system; (3) the biological safety of reclaimed water in the main lake of SOF Park kept at a health status during different seasons (all samples were ranked as A); (4) there was some certain correlation (R² = 0.5737) between the sum of toxicity scores and dissolved organic carbon for the studied water samples. It was concluded that the assessment method was reliable to screen the safety of reclaimed water reused as scenic water, and the reclaimed water with further ecological purification processes such as artificial wetland and oxidation pond system can be safely reused as scenic water in park.     

山西农田土壤交换性镁含量、分布特征及其与土壤化学性质的关系

采用田间调查与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了山西省农田土壤交换性镁(Mg)含量、分布特征及其与土壤主要化学性质的关系。结果表明,山西省主要农田土壤(0~20 cm)交换性镁含量平均为255.1 mg/kg,变幅为78.1~641.8 mg/kg,其中85%的土壤交换性镁含量在100~400 mg/kg之间,随地区不同而异。土壤剖面(0~100 cm)交换性镁含量为78.1~717 mg/kg,其含量随土壤层次加深呈现出增加的趋势。不同类型土壤交换性镁含量高低依次为潮土>褐土>栗褐土>石灰性褐土>黄绵土>褐土性土。土壤交换性镁含量与土壤pH值、EC值、有机质含量和碱解氮含量呈显著线性正相关,与K/Mg呈显著线性负相关,与全磷含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量和Ca/Mg呈显著的曲线关系。     

抚顺市大中型水库水质富营养化现状及防治对策

对抚顺市五座水库的水体营养状态进行了评价，结果表明，有3座水库处于不同程度的中营养型，有2座水库处于不同程度的轻富营养型。分析认为水库富营养化受水库周围居民生活及集雨区内径流入库的氮磷量影响。并针对水库富营养化的机制及发展变化趋势，提出了水库富营养化的具体治理办法及促进库区经济、社会协调发展的有效途径。     

强制循环厌氧反应器处理中低浓度废水

为解决内循环厌氧反应器在对低浓度有机废水处理时,因产气量不足、内循环量小而不能正常运行的问题,提出了强制循环反应器的概念,给出了设计方法。以低浓度、碱性印染工业废水为研究对象,进行了强制循环厌氧反应器的启动与运行的研究,得出了该反应器的最佳HRT和最佳外加循环量。结果表明:在高硫、低性状絮状厌氧泥为接种泥情况下,最佳外循环流量1 m3/h,最佳HRT为7 h时,FCR出水的T-COD和S-COD去除率分别为53.6%和58%。     

实际生活污水快速培养好氧颗粒污泥的方法研究

采用序批式活性污泥法(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR),通过接种絮状污泥研究逐级改变进水组成(配水与实际生活污水的比例)实现好氧颗粒污泥快速培养,同时考查了好氧颗粒污泥培养过程中颗粒污泥的物理性质及对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:在好氧颗粒污泥培养初期通过添加营养物质并逐渐增加实际生活污水的比例可以实现好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养,与完全用配水培养的好氧颗粒污泥基本相似,且培养出的好氧颗粒污泥结构密实,湿密度为1.046 g/cm3,比重为1.025,平均沉降速度为38.67 m/h,粒径在1 mm左右,颜色为黄褐色;同时培养的颗粒污泥对污染物有较好的处理效果,COD、NH+4-N的去除率分别高达85%、90%。培养初期在实际生活污水中通过添加营养物质能够诱导好氧颗粒污泥形成,实现好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛植被土壤N2O排放特征

应用密闭箱法首次测定了南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O的排放通量 ,并估算了该半岛植被区土壤在夏季 2个月内N2 O的排放总量 .结果表明 :在晴天和雨天 ,苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量与温度有较好的响应关系 ,呈现单峰型变化趋势 ;但在雪天 ,与温度的变化不一致 ;苔藓、地衣这 2种不同的植被土壤N2 O排放通量日变化基本一致 ;温度是影响苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量季节变化的主要因子 ,同时还受降水的影响 ,干湿交替有利于N2 O的排放 ;苔藓土壤N2 O的排放总量为 3 .71 52kg ;地衣土壤N2 O的排放总量为 2 .53 4 4kg .由此可见 ,南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O排放量虽然很小 ,但仍起着大气N2 O源的作用     

土场环境灾害的控制技术

 结合环境岩土工程理论,用散体动力学及统计学方法,研究高台阶土场治理滑坡新机制,土场泥石流扼制及底部泄流等新技术,为排土场在稳定条件下增加堆高、开辟用地新来源、根治泥石流、治理表土基底创造了条件,对保护国土资源、保护矿山生态环境、根治因土场失稳而引起的矿山灾害具有重大意义.     

A—O生物滤池工艺处理城镇污水

A-O生物滤池是一种利用附着在塑料模块填料上的微生物系统对城镇污水中的污染物质进行降解处理。该系统处理城镇污水的CODcr去除率达75%-85%,BOD5去除率达85%-95%，SS去除率达85%-95%，氨氮去除率达20%-40%，处理后出水上述各项指标可满足国家二级生物处理排放标准的要求。同时还具有流程简单、管理方便、耐冲击负荷、剩余污泥水等特点。