钢管再生混凝土框架抗震破坏机制与性能水准研究

为了研究钢管再生混凝土框架的抗震破坏机制与性能水准,以100%为再生粗骨料取代率,进行了两榀圆、方钢管再生混凝土柱-钢筋再生混凝土梁框架试件的拟静力试验。实测试件的破坏特征与机制、荷载—位移滞回曲线和荷载—应变滞回曲线等,探讨钢管再生混凝土框架试件基于性能设计的性能水准的确立准则。结果表明:试件呈现出"强柱弱梁、强剪弱弯、强节点,弱构件"的抗震破坏机制。荷载—位移滞回曲线基本对称,呈现出比较饱满的梭形。试件破坏时,柱顶钢管纵向应变均小于屈服应变,柱底钢管纵向应变达到了0.01左右,试件变形能力良好。试件KJ-1和KJ-2梁端的纵向钢筋应变均超过了屈服应变,仅试件KJ-1箍筋应变达到了屈服应变。荷载—钢管横向应变滞回曲线沿着受拉应变轴呈螺旋式发展。基于钢管再生混凝土结构性能设计,划分五档性能水准,确立了水平位移角和损伤指标限值。     

Fertilizer application training programs,the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity: Evidence from 691 apple growers in China

The article examines whether agricultural training boosted technology adoption and productivity was a key issue that was concerned by policymakers and researchers. Thus, impacts of fertilizer application training programs on the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity were analyzed by using the survey data of 691 apple growers. The results indicated that: (i) compared with farmers who did not participate in fertilizer application training programs, the probability of the adoption of formula fertilization techniques was significantly increased by 256.1% for farmers who participated in fertilizer application training programs; (ii) fertilizer application training programs boosted the adoption of formula fertilization techniques via influencing farmers' cognition and willingness; (iii) yield was significantly increased by 14.3% at the 5% level through participating in fertilizer application training programs, and fertilizer application training programs improved agricultural productivity by means of enhancing the adoption of formula fertilization techniques. This study was conducive to evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural training and boosting agricultural sustainable development.     

西南典型碳酸盐岩高地质背景区农田重金属化学形态、影响因素及回归模型

土壤重金属化学形态是决定重金属生物活性和生物毒性的重要因素,是科学评价西南碳酸盐岩高地质背景区土壤重金属生态风险的关键.为了探明碳酸盐岩高地质背景区土壤重金属化学形态分布情况,选择贵州省典型碳酸盐岩分布区,以第二次全国土壤普查图斑为采样单元,在农田中采集土壤表层样品309件,利用改进的Tessier七步顺序提取法,分析了As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种重金属的水溶态（F1）、离子交换态（F2）、碳酸盐结合态（F3）、弱有机结合态（F4）、铁锰氧化物结合态（F5）、强有机结合态（F6）和残渣态（F7）这7种化学形态.结果发现,土壤中重金属As、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn残渣态比例均超过50%,有效组分（F1~F3）比例均小于5%,潜在生物有效组分（F4~F6）比例低于45%,活性较低,生态风险不高.Cd的有效组分和潜在生物有效组分占比分别为55.49%和29.37%,远高于其他重金属,基于土壤重金属形态的生态风险远小于基于土壤总量的生态风险.逐步回归方程可以有效建立Cd、Cu和Pb生物有效组分与影响因素之间的关系.重金属全量和pH值是影响碳酸盐岩高地质背景区土壤重金属化学形态的重要因子,受研究区长期土法炼锌活动和碳酸盐岩风化成土过程中重金属元素倾向于在残渣态中富集的影响,土壤有机质（OM）和氧化物含量对土壤重金属化学形态影响相对较小.     

高温厌氧消化污泥的培养试验研究

在试验室半连续装置中培养高温厌氧消化污泥,以中温厌氧污泥作为种泥,中温启动运行一段时间后,再逐步升温,经过100d运行可达到高温厌氧消化运行的良好状态。整个试验过程中无需人为调节碱度,pH值比较稳定。45℃以下,升温对厌氧消化系统的扰动比较小,之后继续升温至48℃,厌氧消化系统不稳定。认为45～48℃可能存在着中温和高温厌氧消化的临界温度,在这一温度下,中温细菌可能会大量死亡,但是不适合高温菌生长或对应着较低的生长速率。     

桔皮水提液对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效果研究

桔皮水提液能显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,定性滤纸过滤,0.45 μm滤膜过滤和0.22 μm滤膜过滤及高温灭菌水提液的预处理操作对其抑藻效果无明显影响. 当桔皮（干质量）水提液投加质量浓度大于1.0 g/L时,培养10 d时对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制率可超过90%,抑制率随桔皮水提液投加质量浓度的升高而增大;当桔皮水提液的投加质量浓度低于0.1 g/L时,抑藻效果不明显. 在长期（40 d）培养试验中,投加低质量浓度（小于1.0 g/L）桔皮水提液的试验组中,铜绿微囊藻在培养后期生长迅速,某些试验组中出现促进铜绿微囊藻生长的现象;投加高质量浓度（大于1.0 g/L）桔皮水提液的试验组中,培养40 d内均保持接近于100%的抑制率. 透析袋分离试验表明,具有抑藻活性的物质存在于分子量小于3 500的组分中. 由试验结果可推测,桔皮水提液中含有某种或某些物质,可对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生抑制作用,且这些物质经121 ℃高温处理30 min后仍保持抑藻活性. 该抑藻物质易于自然降解,在长期培养过程中,其抑藻效果会逐渐消失.      

四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析

利用多平台、多分辨率遥感数据,监测了四川汶川地震灾前、灾后地表覆盖的变化,分析了地震对区域生态系统的破坏及生态重灾区各生态系统类型破坏的分布特征. 采用地理信息系统建模、空间复合分析等手段,研究了地震对灾区生态承载力、生境与生物多样性、生态系统服务功能的影响. 结果表明,地震对灾区生态系统造成严重破坏,灾区因地表破坏、水土流失加剧导致区域生态承载力下降,生境破碎化,生物多样性与生态系统服务功能受到影响.      

Organic composition in the dry season rainwater of Guangzhou, China

This paper reports the results from a study of the organic composition of rainwater collected at Tianhe district of Guangzhou city, P.R. China, during the dry season. Several special setups of a pyrex bottle with a glass funnel were used for the collection of the rainwater. Three fractions (aliphatics, PAHs and fatty acids) were separated from the total extracted organic compounds and identified with GC-MS. The molecular diagnostic ratios were utilized for the source reconciliation. The aliphatic hydrocarbon and the biomarkers (triterpanes and steranes) distribution show a characteristic of the petrochemical source in the rainwater samples. The PAHs diagnostic ratios [e.g. MP/P, MPI, Fl/ (Fl + Py)] indicated vehicular emissions. The fatty acids ratios (e.g. C_18:1/C_18:0 and C_18:2/C_18:0) reflect the contribution of cooking emissions, while the higher plant waxes play little part. Moreover, the values of MP/P, MPI, BaA/(BaA + CT) and BeP/(BeP + BaP) reflected the origin of the long-distance transportation to some extent. On the whole, for the dry season rainwater, all molecular diagnostic ratios indicated the complexity of the organic composition of the rain, which have the characteristics of both a local emission contribution and a long-distance transportation contribution.     

喷射火环境下石化管廊管道失效特征试验研究

为探究喷射火灾下石化管廊管道热力学响应特征,依据流体力学相似理论搭建缩比试验平台,开展石化管廊管道热力学响应试验研究.通过分析火灾中管道热力学响应特征及事故多米诺演化特征,探讨各因素对管道升温和失效的影响程度,并结合强度理论建立管道失效时间定量计算模型.研究结果表明:火灾功率是管道失效的主导因素,随着火灾功率的增大,管...     

二元金属体系对水中多氯有机物的催化还原脱氯特性

采用二元金属作为还原和催化剂,对水中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳和三氯乙烯的还原特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,Fe/Pd和Fe/Ni体系对所有3种有机物具有良好的催化脱氯特性,30min内脱氯率大于85％。对三氯甲烷,仅用零价铁即可达到近80％的脱氯效率。水中的铁浓度和pH值在反应初期随反应时间而增高,反应后期却降低,文中对此原因作了理论分析。     

酞菁蓝颜料生产废水处理试验研究

采用初沉-电凝聚-加碱沉淀-生化工艺处理酞菁蓝颜料生产废水,试验表明,COD可从1190mg／L降至95．9mg／L,Cu^(2 )质量浓度可从163．5mg／L降至0．7mg／L,色度可从210倍降至43．3倍,出水COD、色度达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准,Cu达到二级排放标准。