Evaluating the effect of rainfall variability on vegetation establishment in a semidesert grassland

Of the operations required for reclamation in arid and semi-arid regions, establishing vegetation entails the most uncertainty due to reliance on unpredictable rainfall for seed germination and seedling establishment. The frequency of successful vegetation establishment was estimated based on a land surface model driven by hourly atmospheric forcing data, 7 years of eddy-flux data, and 31 years of rainfall data at two adjacent sites in southern Arizona, USA. Two scenarios differing in the required imbibition time for successful germination were evaluated—2 or 3 days availability of sufficient surface moisture. Establishment success was assumed to occur if plants could germinate and if the drying front in the soil did not overtake the growth of seminal roots. Based on our results, vegetation establishment could be expected to fail in 32 % of years. In the worst 10-year span, six of ten plantings would have failed. In the best 10-year span, only one of ten was projected to fail. Across all assessments, at most 3 years in a row failed and 6 years in a row were successful. Funding for reclamation seeding must be available to allow reseeding the following year if sufficient amount and timing of rainfall does not occur.     

Modeling the dispersion of drilling muds using the bblt model: the effects of settling velocity

The benthic boundary layer transport (bblt) model was widely used in the Atlantic Canadian offshore region to assess the potential impact zones from drilling wastes discharges from offshore oil and gas drilling. The current version of the bblt uses a single-class settling velocity scenario, which may affect its performance, as settling velocity is size, shape, and material dependent. In this study, the effects of settling velocity on bblt predictions were assessed by replacing this single-class settling velocity scenario with a multi-class size-dependent settling velocity scenario. The new scenario was used in a hypothetical study to simulate the dispersion of barite and fine-grained drilling cuttings. The study showed that the effects of settling velocity on bblt predictions are spatial, temporal, and material dependent.     

等离子体催化氧化恶臭污染物的试验

尝试用一种等离子体光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气,研究表明,该种复合技术具有较显著的协同促进效应,通过改变等离子体发生单元与光催化单元的距离以及在两者之间放置去静电网,可消除等离子体单元产生的负电荷对光催化单元的不利影响,进一步提高其复合效应。在此还对这一复合技术产生协同效应的机理进行了分析,并在污水处理泵站实地考查了这种复合技术对臭气的净化效果。     

桂林市桃花江流域水污染现状分析及对策

分析了桂林市桃花江流域中存在的污染问题和产生这些问题的原因,探讨了解决这些问题的对策。     

计算机技术在矿山应急救援中的应用研究

本文将计算机技术与矿山应急救援相结合,为矿山应急救援提供了一种新的途径,也为人工智能在新的领域内的应用进行新的尝试。     

室内空气污染的防治对策

本文根据室内空气污染物的特性,从污染源控制、法律法规、建筑管理以及其他控制措施等方面,有针对性地提出了各种室内空气污染的防治对策,从而达到改善室内环境空气质量的目的。     

Occurrence and possible sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments from the Wuhan reach of the Yangtze River, China

Twenty-seven surface sediment samples were collected from the mainstream and eight tributaries of the Wuhan reach of the Yangtze River, China, in 2005, in order to assess the distribution, possible sources, and potential risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. The total concentrations of PCBs (the sum of 39 congeners) ranged from 1.2 to 45.1 ng g⁻¹ dry weight, with a mean value of 9.2 ng g⁻¹. Sediment samples with the highest PCB concentrations came from the tributary sites, which are closer to PCB sources. Conversely, PCB concentrations in the sediment from the mainstream sites of Yangtze River were relatively low. The observed PCB levels were higher than those found in the sediments of other rivers in China, but lower than those in river sediments from other urban areas and harbors around the world. Low-chlorinated PCBs, dominated by tetra-PCBs and penta-PCBs, were identified as being prevalent in the surface sediments. Correlation analyses between the PCBs and the geochemistry and heavy metal content of the sediments suggest that the washing of these compounds from the land into the river by floods and heavy rains, or industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, may be the major sources of the PCBs. According to established sediment quality guidelines, the risk of adverse biological effects from the levels of PCBs recorded at most of the studied sites should be insignificant, although the higher concentrations at other sites could cause acute biological damage.     

厌氧暗发酵产氢细菌研究进展

厌氧暗发酵产氢细菌可在暗环境下分解有机物,产生氢气,在厌氧发酵制氢技术发展中发挥重要作用.对近年来国内外产氢细菌的分离、生理特性、产氢能力研究以及实际应用等方面的进展进行了综述,提出了目前产氢细菌研究存在的问题,认为应加强高效产氢细菌的分离、菌群间代谢网络构建以及弱化产氢过程中有机挥发酸的反馈抑制等方面的研究.     

利用工业废渣固化软土的试验研究

根据软土固化所需水化物组成的特殊性以及固化土结构形成过程的特点,有针对性地选择煤矸石、电石渣和磷石膏制备成以工业废渣为主要成分的软土固化剂。试验表明：采用合理的组成设计,充分利用不同工业废渣在提供碱性物质和膨胀性物质、调整胶结性水化物与膨胀性水化物生成速率协调性等方面的技术优势,利用工业废渣制备的固化剂与普通水泥相比可使固化土强度提高数倍。     

典型燃煤电厂汞的分布、迁移及释放特征研究

采集安徽不同地区两典型燃煤电厂火力发电中使用的原煤及其产生的3类固体副产物(飞灰,炉渣及脱硫石膏样品),对4类样品中汞含量分别进行测定,以此揭示电厂燃煤过程中汞的分布、迁移及转化规律。此外,采用质量平衡及二次排放模型分别初步估算了电厂燃煤及燃煤固体副产物再利用过程中汞的两次释放特征。结果显示,汞在原煤、飞灰、炉渣及脱硫石膏样品中的含量分别为174~321μg/kg、421~316μg/kg、6~3 143μg/kg和2 988~4 694μg/kg;燃煤过程中有20.9%~23.6%的汞转移到飞灰中,32.6%~59.9%的汞赋存于脱硫石膏中,16.5%~37.4%的汞通过烟囱首次排入大气,仅有0.02%~9.2%的汞残留在炉渣中。二次排放模拟结果显示,燃煤电厂1#和2#中飞灰和脱硫石膏的高温再利用过程将向大气二次释放汞量96.0 kg/a和165.8 kg/a,两次年排放总量分别为189.5 kg和640.8 kg。本研究可为燃煤电厂汞的污染过程控制提供参考依据。