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Zhi-Guang Niu Xue Zang Jian-Guo Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6687-6695
To estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of six volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in reclaimed water used for flushing toilets, a probabilistic health risk assessment based on Monte Carlo simulations was used. Before Monte Carlo simulations, the contaminant volatilization model was applied to estimate the concentration of the pollutants in air. Moreover, a questionnaire was used to acquire daily exposure time and the Batch Fit tool of Crystal Ball software was applied to find the best-fitting distribution of a part of the input parameters. The risk analysis indicated that the health risks from six VOCs were lower than the negligible risk level (1?×?10?8) in all cases, and the health risk for females was slightly higher than that for males. Overall, exposure to organic pollutants in reclaimed water during toilet flushing does not currently pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans. In this study, we want to provide some information on the health risk from reclaimed water used for toilet flushing in China and hope that it will be useful to promote the application of reclaimed water in water-deficient areas. 相似文献
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膜污染是限制膜生物反应器(MBR)广泛应用的主要因素之一。针对MBR处理生活污水过程中存在的硝化效果不稳定与膜污染问题,提出了一种新型的MBR系统:通过吸附-预沉淀实现进水中碳氮的分离和单独处理,不仅提高了污染物去除效果,且能够有效控制膜污染。研究结果表明,吸附-预沉淀可以去除进水中约89.7%的有机物,系统出水COD、NH4+-N平均浓度为24 mg/L、0.78 mg/L,去除率分别为95.9%和98.1%。MBR中碳氮比的降低和硝化细菌比例的增加大大降低了MBR内MLSS、EPS和SMP含量,平均浓度分别为5 185 mg/L、41 mg/g MLSS和2.62 mg/g MLSS。在膜通量为4 L/(m2·h)条件下,TMP可稳定保持在20 kPa左右。通过吸附-预沉淀过程可有效控制MBR中的膜污染。 相似文献
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Xiaojun Niu Lina Mi Yadong Li Aishu Wei Zhiquan Yang Jiandong Wu Di Zhang Xiaofei Song 《Chemosphere》2013
Rice seeds (Tianyou, 3618) were used to examine the physiological and biochemical responses to phosphine exposure during germination. A control (0 mg m−3) and four concentrations of phosphine (1.4 mg m−3, 4.2 mg m−3, 7.0 mg m−3 and 13.9 mg m−3) were used to treat the rice seeds. Each treatment was applied for 90 min once per day for five days. The germination rate (GR); germination potential (GP); germination index (GI); antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and lipid peroxidation measured through via malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined as indicators of the physiological and biochemical responses of the rice seeds to phosphine exposure. These indicators were determined once per day for five days. The results indicated that the GR, GP and GI of the rice seeds markedly decreased after phosphine exposure. The changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes due to the phosphine exposure were also significant. The exposure lowered the CAT and SOD activities and increased POD activity in the treated rice seeds compared with controls. The MDA content exhibited a slow increase trend with the increase of phosphine concentration. These results suggest that phosphine has inhibitory effects on seed germination. In addition, phosphine exposure caused oxidative stress in the seeds. The antioxidant enzymes could play a pivotal role against oxidative injury. Overall, the effect of phosphine on rice seeds is different from what has been reported previously for insects and mammals. 相似文献
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对防治船舶污染管理中的防污检查、污染的监测、化验分析、应急反应体制、油污基金等7个方面进行了思考,并提出了相应的建议。 相似文献
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污泥缺氧好氧消化的减量研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
实验主要进行缺氧好氧工艺在不同运行条件下消化效果的研究;在常温和中温下,与传统污泥好氧消化处理的效果对比,并进行pH等控制参数的统计规律分析,提出优化处理工艺条件,也为污泥缺氧好氧消化工艺的设计、运行管理和进一步研究提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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生态危机,是自然资源的有限性与人的需求无限性之间的矛盾表现;是人的资本之“欲”与自然的生态之“理”的剧烈冲突;是自然对人的无知或贪欲膨胀的惩罚. 相似文献
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