2008年江苏持续性降雪中的水汽和动力抬升机制分析

2008年1月下旬江苏省出现了历史罕见的持续性暴雪过程,研究发现,降雪量的大小与低空急流的日变化相对应,暴雪过程中700 hPa西南急流对水汽的输送起着重要的作用,作为大尺度天气系统,700 hPa急流的加速发生在降雪量增大之前,其值阈大小与6 h降雪量之间没有对应关系,急流减弱在暴雪结束以后;降雪的发生和发展与南北风的增大和冷暖平流有关,低层偏北风作为冷垫对暖湿气流的抬升和水汽的凝结起到了一定的作用;江苏降雪过程中水汽主要来源于700～500 hPa,低层东风气流对黄海南部的水汽输送非常有限;强降雪的发生与700 hPa水汽通量散度相对应,水汽通量散度辐合增大,降雪量增大;在降雪过程中垂直运动对降雪量的大小有很好的指示意义。     

Inhalation dose assessment of indoor radon progeny using biokinetic and dosimetric modeling and its application to Jordanian population

High indoor radon concentrations in Jordan result in internal exposures of the residents due to the inhalation of radon and its short-lived progeny. It is therefore important to quantify the annual effective dose and further the radiation risk to the radon exposure. This study describes the methodology and the biokinetic and dosimetric models used for calculation of the inhalation doses exposed to radon progeny. The regional depositions of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract were firstly calculated. For the attached progeny, the activity median aerodynamic diameters of 50 nm, 230 nm and 2500 nm were chosen to represent the nucleation, accumulation and coarse modes of the aerosol particles, respectively. For the unattached progeny, the activity median thermodynamic diameter of 1 nm was chosen to represent the free progeny nuclide in the room air. The biokinetic models developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were used to calculate the nuclear transformations of radon progeny in the human body, and then the dosimetric model was applied to estimate the organ equivalent doses and the effective doses with the specific effective energies derived from the mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms. The dose conversion coefficient estimated in this study was 15 mSv WLM⁻¹ which was in the range of the values of 6-20 mSv WLM⁻¹ reported by other investigators. Implementing the average indoor radon concentration in Jordan, the annual effective doses were calculated to be 4.1 mSv y⁻¹ and 0.08 mSv y⁻¹ due to the inhalation of radon progeny and radon gas, respectively. The total annual effective dose estimated for Jordanian population was 4.2 mSv y⁻¹. This high annual effective dose calculated by the dosimetric approach using ICRP biokinetic and dosimetric models resulted in an increase of a factor of two in comparison to the value by epidemiological study. This phenomenon was presented by the ICRP in its new published statement on radon.     

中国碳捕集、利用与封存技术研发与示范

碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)是一项新兴的、具有大规模减排潜力的技术,有望实现化石能源使用的CO2近零排放,被认为是进行温室气体深度减排最重要的技术路径之一.开展CCUS技术的研发和储备,将为中国未来温室气体减排提供一种重要的战略性技术选择,受到政府、企业和学术界的广泛关注.本文从CCUS技术产生和发展的背景出发,概括了该技术的特点及存在的主要同题,总结了当前中国CCUS技术政策,介绍了中国CCUS技术研发、试点示范、国际合作等的开展情况,并通过与欧美等发达国家CCUS技术发展与示范活动现状的对比,初步分析了中国CCUS技术发展方面存在的主要不足.为进一步推动我国CCUS技术的研发与示范,文章提出应加强国家层面的技术政策指导和宏观协调、引导资源有效配置;推动建设行业间的CCUS技术合作平台;重视CCUS来来技术应用软环境建设等有针对性的建议.     

大型测控设备的接地系统设计与探讨

介绍了接地的目的和种类,针对大型测控设备对接地电阻值的要求,提出了区域面积受限的接地系统设计方案,并对接地电阻进行了详细分析、计算和比较,选出了合理的接地方案进行施工,竣工后对接地系统的接地电阻值进行检测,检测结果满足测控设备接地电阻的要求.     

A statistic comparison of multi-element analysis of low atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) using different spectroscopy techniques

Over the past few decades, the metal elements(MEs) in atmospheric particles have aroused great attention. Some well-established techniques have been used to measure particlebound MEs. However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of complexity, accuracy, and specific elements of interest. In this study, the performances of inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(TXRF) were evaluated for qualit...     

巨灾风险的评估与政策

2006年3月．在美国内华达州大学召开了巨大自然灾害风险减轻政策管理顾问论坛会议．会议主题涉及美国巨灾发生发展的趋势、巨灾风险的识别分析评估及其管理政策等。本文主要介绍地震巨灾的风险研究评估和提出的管理政策方案。     

求真务实,着力做好地震安评工作

山东省胶南市地震局在上级业务主管部门精心指导和市委、市政府正确领导下,在兄弟区市的大力支持配合下,认真贯彻落实防震减灾法律法规,切实履行工作职责,依法加强建设工程抗震设防管理,积极主动应对挑战,创新工作思路,扎实提高地震安评工作能力,始终把全市重要建设工程安全性评价工作做为首要工作来抓。2006年对青岛港董家口码头等10项重大工程进行了地震安全性评价工作,工程安评率达到100％,在青岛地区保持领先地位,地震安评工作实现了历史性的突破,从而确保了胶南市各类工程的抗震质量,提高了城乡规划建设安全系数和整体防御能力,保障了全市经济和社会的协调发展。     

地震部门在大型海港建设中的作用

位于长江北翼、黄海之滨的江苏省如东县海域内拥有一条纯天然深水航道（古长江人海口）,一般水深均在-17米以上,港口水深-20- -30米左右,且直通外海、航道、港池和人工岛,是江苏唯一可建10万-20万吨级国际深水大港的理想港址,是长江三角洲地区乃至全国极其珍贵的建港资源。经过十多年的前期基础工作努力,为适应江苏省经济发展迫切需要大港的愿望,     

防震减灾从社区做起

四川省德阳市旌阳区城南街道办事处是德阳市地震局抓的地震科普进社区的一个重点单位。德阳市地震局与旌阳区街道办事处联手,将防震减灾科普工作列为社区建设的一项重要内容,投入人力、物力在社区内建造了防震减灾科普文化活动中心、科普阅览室,成立了地震志愿者队伍、地震科普电影放映