微波消解-流动注射分光光度法测定土壤中的总磷

采用热效率高的微波消解系统对土壤中的总磷进行消解,建立了微波消解-流动注射分光光度法测定土壤中总磷的方法,该方法对比HJ632-2011碱熔-钼锑抗分光光度法具有快速、简便、节约试剂等特点。本文用两种分析方法对实际土壤样品及标准样品进行定量测定,所得结果表明微波消解法能快速测定大量土壤样品的总磷。     

混合菌利用制酒废水产生的微生物絮凝剂的成分及理化特性研究

对蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和膜璞毕赤酵母菌(Pichia membranifaciens)混合后利用制酒废水作为替代培养基产生的复合型微生物絮凝剂XJBF-1进行了成分及理化特性研究。结果表明,XJBF-1的主要成分是多糖(质量分数为63.40%),总蛋白质质量分数仅为0.87%;XJBF-1为线型结构,分子量仅为50 798u,低于一般的微生物絮凝剂;XJBF-1具有较好的热稳定性,这一特性有利于絮凝活性物质的提取和纯化;XJBF-1对糖化酶作用敏感,而对蛋白酶作用不敏感;XJBF-1对鱼苗基本没有急性毒性,可以作为无毒水处理剂使用。     

石化储罐区安全监测技术研究

通过对石油储罐区的泄漏及火灾爆炸危险性分析,说明了安全监控系统的重要性,提出了储罐区需要监测的参数.在对监测参数进行分析的基础上,给出了对监测参数进行监测的传感器,并对传感器的原理进行了介绍.最后结合计算机监测的相关知识,设计出了用于石油储罐区的安全监控系统,并提出了一些增强可靠性的措施.     

泡沫分离法处理含Cr~(6+)废水

采用间歇式泡沫分离法处理含Cr~(6+)废水,考察了各因素对Cr~(6+)去除效果的影响。通过正交实验分析确定的废水处理最佳工艺条件:废水pH 4.00,气体流量0.90 L/min,阳离子表面活性剂加入量300 mg/L。进水Cr~(6+)质量浓度为10 mg/L时,间歇运行的Cr~(6+)去除率为97.80%,连续运行的Cr~(6+)去除率为95.89%,出水均可达标排放。动力学实验结果表明,泡沫分离法去除Cr~(6+)的过程符合一级动力学的特征。对泡沫分离柱放大后的废水连续流实验分析结果表明,泡沫分离Cr~(6+)的效果比较稳定,但分离设备对废水处理效果有一定的影响。     

太原市空气中硫污染物在植物体内积累的研究

太原市是我国污染最严重的城市之一 ,SO2 是污染的主要因子。文章对该市 5 4科 12 1种绿化植物作了调查 ,测定比较了 44种植物叶片的含硫量 ,在一年时间内逐月测定了国槐树枝条和叶片的含硫量 ,分析了硫化物在树体内积累的动态规律 ,为利用绿化植物净化污染提供了科学依据     

基于GIS的重庆市城区环境质量评价

城区环境质量评价是环境评价的重要研究内容,但是目前关于城区环境质量评价指标体系与模型还不够完善,为此提出了城区环境质量评价的方法。该方法通过系统分析,建立城区环境质量评价指标体系,在此基础上,建立城区环境质量评价方法,并通过实例详细分析了城区环境质量评价方法的应用。     

Exploring the relationship between vegetation spectra and eco-geo-environmental conditions in karst region, Southwest China

Remote sensing of local environmental conditions is not accessible if substrates are covered with vegetation. This study explored the relationship between vegetation spectra and karst eco-geo-environmental conditions. Hyperspectral remote sensing techniques showed that there were significant differences between spectral features of vegetation mainly distributed in karst and non-karst regions, and combination of 1,300- to 2,500-nm reflectance and 400- to 680-nm first-derivative spectra could delineate karst and non-karst vegetation groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) successfully assessed to what extent the variation of vegetation spectral features can be explained by associated eco-geo-environmental variables, and it was found that soil moisture and calcium carbonate contents had the most significant effects on vegetation spectral features in karst region. Our study indicates that vegetation spectra is tightly linked to eco-geo-environmental conditions and CCA is an effective means of studying the relationship between vegetation spectral features and eco-geo-environmental variables. Employing a combination of spectral and spatial analysis, it is anticipated that hyperspectral imagery can be used in interpreting or mapping eco-geo-environmental conditions covered with vegetation in karst region.     

Distribution, sources, and potential risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in drinking water resources from Henan Province in middle of China

Distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in drinking water resources have been carried out for the first time in Henan Province, China. Water samples collected from four river systems and their tributaries, as well as groundwater resources, were analyzed according to EPA method 525.2. Total of 68 water samples were collected in 18 cities in Henan province in May, August and November, 2001. Concentrations of sum of 16 priority PAHs in water samples ranged from 15 to 844 ng/L with a mean value of 178 +/- 210 ng/L (n = 68). The spatial and temporal distribution of PAHs showed that the Huanghe and the Huaihe river systems had relatively higher concentrations of total PAHs. Higher concentrations of total PAHs were observed in August and November than in May, with respective mean values of 262, 232 and 33.6 ng/L. Ratios of Ant/(Ant + Phe) and Flur/(Flur + Pyr) were calculated to evaluate the possible sources of PAH contamination, which indicated that the coal combustion sources were the main contributors to PAHs in most drinking water resources. Some petrogenic (or pyrolytic) sources of PAHs were also found. The toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) were used to calculate benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (BaPE) for water samples. The average value of BaPE was 0.6 ng/L. The values in most stations were much lower than the guideline values in drinking water of Chinese Environmental Protection Agency (CEPA, 2.8 ng/L) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA, 200 ng/L). Overall, the drinking water resources in Henan province showed some carcinogenic potential.     

环境磁学在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中的应用

随着环境问题日渐突出,地表灰尘重金属污染日益成为研究热点。单纯采用化学方法监测重金属污染具有一定局限性,环境磁学方法以其简便、快捷、经济且无害化的特点在城市重金属污染研究中广为应用。通过文献调研,综述环境磁学在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中的应用与研究进展,阐明重金属的主要来源,简述环境磁学的诸多参数,分析磁学参数与重金属的关系,并通过对比不同的磁学分析方法,探讨环境磁学方法在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中存在的问题及其发展趋势。     

连续流动注射间接测定空气中的五氧化二磷

建立连续流动注射间接测定空气中五氧化二磷的方法。空气中的五氧化二磷用过氯乙烯滤膜或滤筒采样,加入去离子水反应生成正磷酸,过滤、洗涤、定容后运用连续流动注射仪进行测定。优化了抗坏血酸浓度、硫酸浓度、钼酸盐浓度以及恒温室温度等影响显色的因素。最佳条件下,实际样品五氧化二磷加标回收率为96.0%~102%,相对标准偏差在4%以下;采样体积为300 L时,方法检出限为0.001 6 mg/m~3。t检验结果表明,所建方法与现行国标法的测定结果无显著性差异。方法分析速度快、重现性好、灵敏度高,适用于空气中五氧化二磷的测定。