A comparative study on milk packaging using life cycle assessment: from PA-PE-Al laminate and polyethylene in China

A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was used to compare the environmental impacts in the life cycle of two milk packaging systems, PA-PE-Al laminate—a laminated foil made from paper, polyethylene and aluminum foil—and polyethylene. The data for the mass, energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from published literature and from site investigations, for the two systems being analyzed for environmental impacts. The application of LCA using Eco-Indicator 99 has made the comparison of the environmental impacts of the two milk packages possible. The results of this LCA study are discussed and the results reveal that the composite packaging has a slightly higher environmental impact than the plastic one. In addition, the environmental impact of raw material extraction is the highest in all of the life cycle stages except for disposal. The environmental impact of composite packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels, land use and respiratory inorganics categories, while the plastic packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels category. However, the composite packaging has a greater environmental impact because it has not been well recycled and reused. This environmental impact could be decreased by developing the technology to separate out polyethylene and aluminum from the packaging.     

Nitrogen impacts on atrazine-degrading Arthrobacter strain and bacterial community structure in soil microcosms

The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of exogenous nitrogen on a microbial community inoculated with the atrazine-degrading Arthrobacter sp. in soil amended with a high concentration of atrazine. Inoculated and uninoculated microcosms for biodegradation tests were constructed. Atrazine degradation capacity of the strain DAT1 and the strain's atrazine-metabolic potential and survival were assessed. The relative abundance of the strain DAT1 and the bacterial community structure in soils were characterized using quantitative PCR in combination with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Atrazine degradation by the strain DAT1 and the strain's atrazine-metabolic potential and survival were not affected by addition of a medium level of nitrate, but these processes were inhibited by addition of a high level of nitrate. Microbial community structure changed in both inoculated and uninoculated microcosms, dependent on the level of added nitrate. Bioaugmentation with the strain DAT1 could be a very efficient biotechnology for bioremediation of soils with high concentrations of atrazine.     

江西山地森林资源的保护与合理开发

江西省是我国南方山地森林资源丰富的省份之一。本文详细分析了江西山地森林资源的现状和存在的问题,并就山地森林的保护和合理开发利用提出了6项综合治理措施。     

环境风险评价简介

本文介绍了环境风险评价的内容，方法，现状及发展趋势，并着重介绍了该类评价中污染物对人体健康危害的评价方法。     

DEBRIS FLOW IN WEST DEVELOPMENT

ＴｈｅｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａ (ｏｒＷｅｓｔＣｈｉｎａ)ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ 1 2 ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ/ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓｒｅ ｇｉｏｎｓ/ｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｉｔｉｅｓ:Ｑｉｎｇｈａｉ,Ｇａｎｓｕ ,Ｓｈａａｎｘｉ,Ｓｉｃｈｕａｎ ,Ｙｕｎｎａｎ ,Ｇｕｉｚｈｏｕ ,Ｘｉｎｊｉａｎｇ ,Ｔｉ ｂｅｔ ,Ｎｉｎｇｘｉａ ,Ｇｕａｎｇｘｉ,ＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａａｎｄＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ .ＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅＰｌｅｉｓｔｏｃｅｎｅｏｆｔｈｅＱｕａｔｅｒ ｎａｒｙＰｅｒｉｏｄ ,ｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｗｅ…     

高层建筑火灾人员疏散和人员伤亡的模拟

基于建筑火灾全风网网络模型的基础上 ,结合紧急疏散模型 ,模拟火灾时期疏散时间和建筑物内人员滞留的情况 ,同时也可以模拟可能出现的伤亡情况 ,有助于高层建筑的疏散系统设计 ,为火灾的再现提供了一个有效的分析工具 ,也为高层建筑火灾的风险评价提供了理论数据     

降低企业库存风险问题研究

大多数企业都面临着库存风险问题 ,库存过多 ,造成积压 ,不仅占用大量资金和场地 ,加重企业的利息负担 ,而且长期存放会使物品陈旧过时 ,失去原有的价值和使用价值。如何降低库存风险 ,使库存经常处于合理水平 ,是每个企业都十分关心的问题。笔者分析了库存管理中存在的问题 ,提出需求预测和安全库存的确定 ,是降低库存风险的两个重要前提 ,同时讨论了安全库存的计算方法 ,以及降低库存风险的主要措施     

掘进巷道粉尘控制技术的研究

针对掘进巷道的特点,研制了一种高效实用的自激式水浴水膜除尘器,并对其结构、除尘过程和与掘进机相配套的方式进行了研究分析。还对掘进巷道中的产尘源进行了调查和分析,认为掘进巷道的防尘方法：应先采用掘进机头的内外喷雾,然后采用长压短抽的通风除尘系统和利用除尘器将含尘空气进行净化;对转载点除尘采用简易闭密罩加喷雾;对巷道周壁的粉尘采用喷洒粘尘剂固尘,才能有效地降低整个巷道的粉尘浓度。     

长江流域商品粮基地建设与农业持续发展

长江流域横跨我国中亚热带,光、热、水气候资源及其时空组合优势明显,土地自然生产力较高。粮食生产在全国占有重要地位。但由于流域内山地比重大,人口稠密,人均土地资源偏少,在现有耕地资源有限和粮食市场不稳等的多重压力下,历史时期内形成的“南粮北调”正逐渐被“北粮南调”所取代。在分析长江流域粮食生产现状和近二十年来商品粮基地建设对粮食生产的促进作用的基础上,从流域经济持续发展角度,提出了发挥长江流域粮食生     

泥石流与人类经济活动

山地是泥石流与人类共存的环境,泥石流作用于山地环境,强烈地影响人类经济活动：人类经济活动也作用于山地环境,强烈地影响泥石流。泥石流对山地环境的危害,主要为破坏地表、破坏生态系统和淤堵江河;泥石流对人类及其经济活动的危害,主要为破坏城镇,村庄,工矿,交通水利水电工程,农田和人类自身的安全。泥石流危害的结果,能导致山地坡面破碎化、沟口沙石化、河床宽浅化和植被逆向演替化,以及耕地贫瘠化、经济发展滞后化和