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111.
S. Witz M. Smith M. Shu A. B. Moore 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):276-278
Air monitoring In the San Francisco Bay Area was carried out to measure outdoor community air concentrations of poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mutagenlc activity (mutagenlclty) In participate organic matter (POM). Monitoring began In 1979 and Is currently conducted at six stations. PAH and mutagenlclty tests were performed on organic extracts prepared from high volume (hl-vol) filters composited every four months, by meteorological season. PAH were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection. Mutagenlclty was measured In the Ames Salmonella bloas-say using strain TA98 with and without metabolic activation. The nine-year mean concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was 0.4 ng/m3. The mutagenlcfty of this amount of BaP accounted for only about 0.2% of the observed mutagenicity In POM and other measured PAH accounted for even less. Concentrations of PAH and mutagenlclty were three to nine times higher during the winter than during other seasons. Year-to-year wintertime trends In several PAH were also seen. Early In the 1980s, winter concentrations of BaP and benzo (g,h,i)perylene Increased. However since the mld-1980’s, their concentrations have fallen. The decrease In PAH concentrations may be the result of an Increasing proportion of vehicles with relatively low organic emissions. In contrast to PAH, mutagenlcfty did not show significant year-to-year time trends. 相似文献
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113.
The presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein in earthworms Eisenia fetida has no deleterious effects on their growth and reproduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Earthworms Eisenia fetida, bred in substances with stover of two genetically-engineered Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corns (5422Bt1 (Event Bt11) and 5422CBCL (MON810)) expressing Cry1Ab and their near-isogenic non-Bt corn (5422), were used to investigate the non-target effects of Bt corn on soil-dwelling organisms. Cry1Ab concentrations in substances, casts and guts of E. fetida were also investigated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). More than 90% individuals of E. fetida survived over a period of 30 d, irrespective of whether they received Bt corn or non-Bt corn. Compared to 5422 treatments, significantly higher relative growth rate and more number of new offspring and cocoons of E. fetida were found in 5422Bt1 and 5422CBCL treatments. These results were unlikely to be directly caused by Cry1Ab released from Bt corns but rather by differences in other factors of plants such as plant components (soluble sugar, total organic carbon, total protein and available phosphorus of Bt corns were more than 5422). ELISA results indicated immunoreactive Cry1Ab was detectable in substances, and the casts, guts of E. fetida from Bt corns treatments, of which the highest levels were detected in substances under the corresponding experimental conditions. With the increase of treated time, a strong decline was observed in Cry1Ab from substances and casts of E. fetida, whereas Cry1Ab in guts of E. fetida from 5422Bt1 treatments gradually increased and that from 5422CBCL treatments increased between 14 and 30 d. Therefore, the presence of Cry1Ab in E. fetida had no deleterious effects on their growth and reproduction. 相似文献
114.
Sequestration of organochlorine pesticides in soils of distinct organic carbon content 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhang N Yang Y Tao S Liu Y Shi KL 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(3):700-705
In the present study, five soil samples with organic carbon contents ranging from 0.23% to 7.1% and aged with technical dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) for 15 months were incubated in a sealed chamber to investigate the dynamic changes of the OCP residues. The residues in the soils decreased over the incubation period and finally reached a plateau. Regression analysis showed that degradable fractions of OCPs were negatively correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) except for α-HCH, while no correlation was found between degradation rate and SOC, which demonstrated that SOC content determines the OCP sequestration fraction in soil. Analysis of the ratio of DDT and its primary metabolites showed that, since it depends on differential sequestration among them, magnitude of (p,p′-DDE + p,p′-DDD)/p,p′-DDT is not a reliable criterion for the identification of new DDT sources. 相似文献
115.
拉索预应力空间网格结构的索张力计算及张拉全过程分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实际工程中,对于拉索预应力空间网格结构的索张拉是一个需要反复调整的繁琐过程。对此,提出了一种针对多阶段多批次张拉施工全过程分析的计算方法,用以提高索张拉施工的效率。该法通过不断减小拉索实际张力与目标张力的差值来求解各索在张拉过程中应该产生的初始应变,最后只要利用计算结果并按照预定的顺序张拉,便可使所有索只经过一次张拉就能最终达到各自的目标张力值。对一个150 m跨度的拉索预应力球面巨型网格结构进行了计算,并利用计算结果,对结构的杆件内力和最大节点位移进行了张拉全过程跟踪分析。结果表明,在实际工程中采用上述方法进行计算与张拉是切实可行的,另外,在张拉过程中进行跟踪分析十分必要。 相似文献
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117.
用固体力学化学理论研究岩土的力学化学行为——以成都龙泉紫色土为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据固体力学化学理论 ,提出用化学动力学方法研究岩土破坏及滑坡形成的机理 ,并以成都龙泉紫色土为例研究了在力与水协同作用下易滑土层的力学化学行为。实验表明 ,土长期抗剪强度降低的幅度与溶液的pH值有关 ,土的溶解速度与易溶盐含量有关 ,且溶解曲线略呈“S”型。这初步证明了龙泉紫色土破坏的力学 化学效应及其可能存在的自催化趋势。通过实验了解了力与水协同作用导致土破坏的力学化学规律 ,并将定量求解滑面长期抗剪强度与反应机理研究结合起来 ,为定量评价地下水和应力对岩土破坏机理这一滑坡学关键问题打下基础。 相似文献
118.
杨舒 《中国人口.资源与环境》1996,6(3):32-37
1993年上海人口自然变动在全国率先进入负增长,自然增长率为-0.78‰,并将持续一个较长的时期。这是长期以来本市经济和社会发展以及计划生育工作共同作用的必然结果,其中计划生育政策的成功推行起着重要的作用。上海除了继续控制人口增长的数量外,还要调节人口规模和人口结构,大力提高人口素质,不断使人口与社会经济发展、生态平衡、资源利用等方面达到协调发展。由负增长引发的劳动力短缺和老龄化程度加剧要采取相应的对策。 相似文献
119.
长时间单调模拟驾驶对疲劳的影响研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
通过模拟驾驶实验,综合评估长时间驾驶以及单调环境对驾驶员疲劳程度的影响是笔者研究的主要课题内容。借助于在模拟驾驶座舱上,4个健康样本分别参加高速公路(单调环境)和一般公路(非单调环境)的两组驾驶仿真实验,每组测试均持续两小时,一共进行10次实验。实验过程中,样本的操控数据(车速和方向盘转角)、反应时间、心电信号、主观疲劳状况等都同步记录并保存。实验结果表明长时间驾驶对操控能力、反应时间、心率、主观疲劳都有显著性影响(p<0.050),单调环境(高速公路)和非单调环境(一般公路)相比,车速方差区别显著,而尽管被试在高速公路的单调环境下驾驶后主观感觉更疲劳一些,但反应时间、心率等因素并没有显著性差异。 相似文献
120.