Biofilm response and removal via the coupling of visible-light-driven photocatalysis and biodegradation in an environment of sulfamethoxazole and Cr(VI)

The widespread contamination of water systems with antibiotics and heavy metals has gained much attention. Intimately coupled visible -light-responsive photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) provides a novel approach for removing such mixed pollutants. In ICPB, the photocatalysis products are biodegraded by a protected biofilm, leading to the mineralization of refractory organics. In the present study, the ICPB approach exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and biodegradation, providing up to ∼1.27 times the degradation rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and 1.16 times the Cr(VI) reduction rate of visible-light-induced photocatalysis . Three-dimensional fluorescence analysis demonstrated the synergistic ICPB effects of photocatalysis and biodegradation for removing SMX and reducing Cr(VI). In addition, the toxicity of the SMX intermediates and Cr(VI) in the ICPB process significantly decreased. The use of MoS₂/CoS₂ photocatalyst accelerated the separation of electrons and holes, with•O₂^– and h⁺ attacking SMX and e^– reducing Cr(VI), providing an effective means for enhancing the removal and mineralization of these mixed pollutants via the ICPB technique. The microbial community results demonstrate that bacteria that are conducive to pollutant removal are were enriched by the acclimation and ICPB operation processes, thus significantly improving the performance of the ICPB system.     

Cross-boundary transport and source apportionment for PM2.5 in a typical industrial city in the Hebei Province, China: A modeling study

Cross-boundary transport of air pollution is a difficult issue in pollution control for the North China Plain. In this study, an industrial district (Shahe City) with a large glass manufacturing sector was investigated to clarify the relative contribution of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) to the city's high levels of pollution. The Nest Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS), paired with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), was adopted and applied with a spatial resolution of 5 km. During the study period, the mean mass concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂, and NO₂ were observed to be 132.0, 76.1, and 55.5 μg/m³, respectively. The model reproduced the variations in pollutant concentrations in Shahe at an acceptable level. The simulation of online source-tagging revealed that pollutants emitted within a 50-km radius of downtown Shahe contributed 63.4% of the city's total PM_2.5 concentration. This contribution increased to 73.9±21.2% when unfavorable meteorological conditions (high relative humidity, weak wind, and low planetary boundary layer height) were present; such conditions are more frequently associated with severe pollution (PM_2.5 ≥ 250 μg/m³). The contribution from Shahe was 52.3±21.6%. The source apportionment results showed that industry (47%), transportation (10%), power (17%), and residential (26%) sectors were the most important sources of PM_2.5 in Shahe. The glass factories (where chimney stack heights were normally < 70 m) in Shahe contributed 32.1% of the total PM_2.5 concentration in Shahe. With an increase in PM_2.5 concentration, the emissions from glass factories accumulated vertically and narrowed horizontally. At times when pollution levels were severe, the horizontally influenced area mainly covered Shahe. Furthermore, sensitivity tests indicated that reducing emissions by 20%, 40%, and 60% could lead to a decrease in the mass concentration of PM_2.5 of of 12.0%, 23.8%, and 35.5%, respectively.     

铁改性热处理凹凸棒颗粒对水体磷的去除效果

传统粉末态除磷材料颗粒过细,从而导致其难与水分离,这极大限制了其在实际工程中的应用。以热处理颗粒态凹凸棒黏土为载体（1~2 mm）,采用氯化铁（FeCl₃）活性负载的方法制备颗粒态吸附磷材料,并详细研究了吸附材料除磷的最佳改性条件、反应时间、影响因素及其效率。结果表明:2 mol/L氯化铁溶液改性的凹凸棒达到最佳改性条件,且磷的吸附能较好地被朗格缪尔方程模拟,其最大吸附量为4.27 mg/g,是原状黏土固磷容量的2倍左右。铁改性凹凸棒土除磷效率受pH值的影响较大,当水体pH值从4提高到11,去除率下降了10%左右。吸附动力学表明,铁改性凹凸棒土对磷的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,24 h内可以去除84.46%的磷。0.2 mol/L的盐酸对铁改性凹凸棒的再生效果最优,再生后吸附剂对磷的吸附效率下降40%左右。以上研究结果表明,铁改性凹凸棒土可以作为低浓度水体磷去除材料,具有较大的应用前景。     

Rainwater utilization and storm pollution control based on urban runo characterization

The characteristics of urban runo s and their impact on rainwater utilization and storm pollution control were investigated in three di erent functional areas of Zhengzhou City, China. The results showed that in the same rain event the pollutant loads (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS)) in the sampling areas were in the order of industrial area > commercial area > residential area, and within the same area the COD and TSS concentrations of road runo s were higher than those of roof runo s. The first flush e ects in roof and road runo s were observed, hence the initial rainwater should be treated separately to reduce rainwater utilization cost and control storm pollution. The initial roof rainfall of 2 mm in residential area, 5 mm in commercial area and 10 mm in industrial area, and the initial road rainfall of 4 mm in residential area and all the road rainfall in commercial and industrial areas should be collected and treated accordingly before direct discharge or utilization. Based on the strong correlation between COD and TSS (R2, 0.87–0.95) and the low biodegradation capacity (biochemical oxygen demand BOD5/COD < 0.3), a sedimentation process and an e ective filtration system composed of soil and slag were designed to treat the initial rainwater, which could remove over 90% of the pollutant loads. The above results may help to develop better rainwater utilization and pollution control strategies for cities with water shortages.     

好氧膜-生物反应器中微滤膜选择的实验研究

用扫描电镜表面观察和全自动压汞仪测定了2种亲水化改性PVDF微滤膜的平均孔径、孔隙率等基本性能参数。对2种膜的纯水通量,及其平板膜组件在好氧膜生物反应器内污染过程进行分析。结果显示,2种膜污染过程均呈现先缓慢后快速的"二阶段"趋势,第二阶段是膜污染的主导阶段。尽管平均孔径小、孔隙率高的膜本身阻力大、纯水通量低,但其污染速率较低,物理及化学清洗恢复率较高。膜孔径及孔隙率指标是影响其在MBR中运行的污染速率的主要因素,平均孔径小、孔隙率高的膜抗污染能力强。     

楼顶式移动基站电磁辐射污染调查

对南通市楼顶式移动基站电磁辐射污染进行了调查。结果表明,南通市418个楼顶站基站周边地面50 m范围内电磁辐射功率密度值均能满足《电磁环境控制限值》(GB 8702—2014)的要求;楼顶美化天线、集束天线和景观塔等建设较晚的楼顶塔形地面电磁辐射强度相对较小,楼顶角钢塔、拉线塔和抱杆等建设较早的塔形地面电磁辐射强度相对较大;楼顶塔所在楼顶平台监测值存在轻度超标的情况。提出,应严格控制楼顶塔所在楼顶的人员可达性,即基站电磁辐射防护区应高出楼顶2 m以上,避免公众进入基站电磁辐射防护区内,受到基站天线的过量辐射影响。     

EDTA对氨基磷酸树脂去除水中Cu(Ⅱ)性能的影响

乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)是一种强络合剂,在化学镀铜工艺中广泛使用,并导致镀铜废水中含有一定量的EDTA。氨基磷酸树脂(APAR)吸附法被广泛应用于含铜工业废水治理。为优化该方法,研究不同EDTA/Cu(摩尔比)、pH、钠离子、钙离子浓度下EDTA对APAR去除铜离子性能的影响。溶液中EDTA浓度增加导致APAR去除Cu(Ⅱ)能力下降;pH=5时,EDTA对APAR除Cu(Ⅱ)性能的影响较小;EDTA对树脂除铜性能的削弱不受溶液中离子强度变化或Ca2+存在的影响。红外光谱分析表明,有一部分EDTA-Cu络合物被吸附到树脂内部。     

基于低浓度瓦斯利用的换热器设计及数值分析

为提高低浓度瓦斯利用效率,对螺旋式、列管式、翅片式3种换热方式进行参数化研究,探讨不同形状换热方式对预热效果的影响,并通过改变流速和温度研究螺旋管换热效果.结果表明:螺旋管换热效果相对最佳,并在vh=0.9 m/s,vc=2.0 m/s时换热温度相对最高.同时,随换热温度升高,出口温度逐渐升高,随速率增加,出口温度先升...     

Two-compartment sorption of phenanthrene on eight soils with various organic carbon contents

Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene (PHE) were studied on eight soils with organic carbon contents spanning over an order of magnitude using phase distribution relationships (PDRs) at 1 h, 48 h, and 720 h contact times. A new algebraic method was employed to describe the sorption characteristics at different time intervals (between 1 h and 48 h, and 1 h and 720 h). It was found that nonlinearity increased with increasing contact time and sorption that occurred in the subsequent time interval following the initial 1 h exhibited stronger isotherm nonlinearity. Sorption coefficients were positively correlated with the organic carbon contents of the soils. Detailed sorption dynamics were also examined on these soils. A two-compartment, first-order model was used to describe the sorption dynamics. The rate constants of the two compartments differed 18-170 times, suggesting the dissimilar sorption behaviors of the mathematically separated compartments. These two compartments were labeled fast and slow sorption compartment according to the rate constants. Calculation showed that the fast compartment accounted for over 80% of the overall sorption at the initial 1 h, while the slow compartment predominated the total sorption in the following 47 h. By combining the discussion of PDRs and sorption dynamics, the contributions of the two compartments to linear and nonlinear sorption were differentiated. The slow sorption compartment made a major contribution to nonlinear sorption and possibly to sequestration of organic pollutants by these soils.     

废旧电路板低温改性实验研究

介绍了电路板的结构特点及常温力学特征,通过实验研究了电路板在低温处理后力学性能的变化情况,结果显示冲击强度随着冷却温度的下降而降低,在-30℃左右冲击强度最小,当冷却温度低于-30℃后下降趋势变得缓慢;弯曲强度随着温度的下降总的趋势是先减小后增大,在-30℃点弯曲强度和断裂载荷同样达到最低,然后再迅速增加.研究在不同的冷冻温度下,废旧电路板粗碎与细碎的工艺参数变化.实验结果表明,低温粗碎时,在一定程度上提高生产能力,减少单位功耗;低温细碎时,-30℃到-40℃平均功耗较低,在-30℃左右平均功耗下降得最快.本研究为低温破碎工艺的选择及破碎机的设计提供了基础性实验数据.