废锂离子电池的资源化利用及环境控制技术

随着电池在日常生活中的使用量越来越大,电池的产销量与日俱增,继而产生大量废弃电池的回收处理、处置问题。本文立足于废旧锂离子电池的循环利用,介绍了废锂离子电池的组成成分及当前国内外废旧电池的回收处理技术,以及由废旧电池到电池材料的"定向循环"技术,并针对在其循环利用过程中遇到的"重金属-氨氮复合废水"环境污染问题,提出了控制解决方法。     

入海排污口污水微生物群落结构及其影响因素研究进展

入海排污口污水中存在大量微生物,其进入海洋后会对邻近海域的海水水质及海洋生物健康造成巨大威胁。因此,研究入海排污口污水中微生物的群落结构及其影响因素对于了解排污口污水对海洋生态环境的影响具有重要意义。本文综述了国内外不同类型入海排污口微生物的群落结构特征,着重介绍了影响入海排污口微生物群落结构的重要因素,并进一步阐述了排污口污水中微生物对排污口邻近海域的海水水质和海洋生物的影响。     

SBR亚硝化快速启动过程中影响因子研究

在低DO条件下对SBR反应器实现快速亚硝化的途径及影响因素进行研究.控制反应器主要参数为：DO 0.15～0.40mg/L,pH值7.52～8.30,温度22.3～27.1℃,曝气时间为8 h.通过高、低氨氮浓度（245.28 mg/L与58.08 mg/L）交替进水的方式,经过57个周期（36 d）的稳定运行成功实现...     

含酚废水低成本吸附治理技术研究进展

含酚废水在我国水污染控制中被列为重点解决的有害废水之一,介绍了低成本治理含酚废水的吸附材料,包括合成树脂、天然材料、生物吸附材料、工农业副产品吸附材料,并探讨了含酚废水低成本治理技术的发展趋势.     

气柜施工危险分析及安全对策

茂名炼油厂在新陈2#气柜的施工建设中,对施工危险性进行详细分析,提出了安全对策,采用3#气柜不停产的情况下进行,确保了施工安全.     

An autotrophic nitrogen removal process：Short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate

A combined process consisting of a short-cut nitrification (SN) reactor and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge bed (ANAMMOX) reactor was developed to treat the diluted effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating high ammonium municipal landfill leachate.The SN process was performed in an aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor (working volume 3.05 L),treating about 50% of the diluted raw wastewater.The ammonium removal efficiency and the ratio of NO 2 N to NOx-N in the effluent were both higher than 80%,at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 1.47 kg/(m 3 ·day).The ANAMMOX process was performed in an UASB reactor (working volume 8.5 L),using the mix of SN reactor effluent and diluted raw wastewater at a ratio of 1:1.The ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency reached over 93% and 95%,respectively,after 70-day continuous operation,at a maximum total nitrogen loading rate of 0.91 kg/(m 3 ·day),suggesting a successful operation of the combined process.The average nitrogen loading rate of the combined system was 0.56 kg/(m 3 ·day),with an average total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency 87%.The nitrogen in the effluent was mostly nitrate.The results provided important evidence for the possibility of applying SN-ANAMMOX after UASB reactor to treat municipal landfill leachate.     

Extracellular polymeric substance induces biogenesis of vivianite under inorganic phosphate-free conditions

Vivianite is often found in reducing environments rich in iron and phosphorus from organic debris degradation or phosphorus mineral dissolution. The formation of vivianite is essential to the geochemical cycling of phosphorus and iron elements in natural environments. In this study, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were selected as the source of phosphorus. Microcosm experiments were conducted to test the evolution of mineralogy during the reduction of polyferric sulfate flocs (PFS) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (S. oneidensis MR-1) at EPS concentrations of 0, 0.03, and 0.3 g/L. Vivianite was found to be the secondary mineral in EPS treatment when there was no phosphate in the media. The EPS DNA served as the phosphorus source and DNA-supplied phosphate could induce the formation of vivianite. EPS impedes PFS aggregation, contains redox proteins and stores electron shuttle, and thus greatly promotes the formation of minerals and enhances the reduction of Fe(III). At EPS concentration of 0, 0.03, and 0.3 g/L, the produced HCl-extractable Fe(II) was 107.9, 111.0, and 115.2 mg/L, respectively. However, when the microcosms remained unstirred, vivianite can be formed without the addition of EPS. In unstirred systems, the EPS secreted by S. oneidensis MR-1 could agglomerate at some areas, resulting in the formation of vivianite in the proximity of microbial cells. It was found that vivianite can be generated biogenetically by S. oneidensis MR-1 strain and EPS may play a key role in iron reduction and concentrating phosphorus in the oligotrophic ecosystems where quiescent conditions prevail.     

Identification and characterization of Fe3O4/peroxodisulfate advanced oxidation products from sulfameter

Sulfonamides (SAs) are one of the most widely used antibiotics and their residuals in the environment could cause some negative environmental issues. Advanced oxidation such as Fenton-like reaction has been widely applied in the treatment of SAs polluted water. Degradation rates of 95%-99.7% were achieved in this work for the tested 8 SAs, including sulfisomidine, sulfameter (SME), phthalylsulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, and sulfadimethoxine, in the Fe₃O₄/peroxodisulfate (PDS) oxidation system after the optimization of PDS concentration and pH. Meanwhile, it was found that a lot of unknown oxidation products were formed, which brought up the uncertainty of health risks to the environment, and the identification of these unknown products was critical. Therefore, SME was selected as the model compound, from which the oxidation products were never elucidated, to identify these intermediates/products. With liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), 10 new products were identified, in which 2-amino-5-methoxypyrimidine (AMP) was confirmed by its standard. The investigation of the oxidation process of SME indicated that most of the products were not stable and the degradation pathways were very complicated as multiple reactions, such as oxidation of the amino group, SO₂ extrusion, and potential cross-reaction occurred simultaneously. Though most of the products were not verified due to the lack of standards, our results could be helpful in the evaluation of the treatment performance of SAs containing wastewater.     

基于FBM法追踪秦皇岛海域赤潮迁移扩散

在Delft3D-FLOW模型模拟水动力的基础上,基于FBM粒子追踪法建立和验证赤潮迁移扩散模型.模拟了秦皇岛海域潮流和风生流,分析了风生流对赤潮迁移扩散的作用,对比分析了FBM法、拉格朗日法和常规布朗运动法在赤潮迁移扩散模拟中的特性,测试了模型Hurst指数的敏感性并得出其在赤潮模拟中的合理取值范围.主要结论为：①秦皇岛海域的赤潮主要随潮流的涨落而往复移动,一个涨落潮周期内赤潮的净迁移距离较小;②秦皇岛海域夏季潮流较弱,但风对赤潮迁移具有一定影响,易产生东北向风生流,导致赤潮更易往东北方向迁移;③Hurst指数较明显地影响粒子云的扩散范围,Hurst指数取0.80±0.03能比较真实地模拟秦皇岛海域赤潮的迁移扩散;④FBM法可模拟赤潮的non-Fickian扩散现象,使其模拟的粒子云扩散范围和分布形状明显优于拉格朗日法和常规布朗运动法.