军用物资航空运输振动冲击环境条件研究

介绍了军用物资航空运输的特点和分类,分析了军用物资在飞机起飞、降落、跑道滑行、飞行中,因气流变化以及空投时物资着陆和装卸而产生的振动冲击等,并给出了一定的振动冲击值。同时,结合振动冲击等环境条件对物资的影响,提出了安全防护的几点措施,为军用物资航空运输的安全性提供理论依据和技术参考。     

基于网络监管系统的机动车排气污染控制管理

通过建立南京市机动车排气污染网络监管系统,将车辆上牌、尾气年检、路检抽检、公交治理、标志管理、区域限行、维修治理等有关机动车污染控制的工作环节纳入到系统中,实现全过程在线实时监控,以保证工作过程的规范性、检测数据的真实性和监督管理的科学高效性。     

Range of ecological impact of highway construction in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, China

The major features of different road sections were identified. Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed, and a demonstration was presented. The Dabao highway (from Dali to Baoshan) and the Sixiao highway (from Simao to Xiaomengyang) passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper. For the normal road sections having no important species to protect, a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction. For the road sections having plants or soils of interest, indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis. The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction. The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures, the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different; highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health; the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m, and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.     

One century record of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in core sediments from the southern Yellow Sea

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at a 2-cm interval in a core sample from the middle of the southern Yellow Sea for elucidating their historical variations in inflow and sources. The chronology was obtained using the 210Pb method. PAHs concentrations decreased generally with depth and two climax values occurred in 14–16 cm and 20–22 cm layers, demonstrating that the production and usage of PAHs might reach peaks in the periods of 1956–1962...     

凹凸棒石/γ-Fe_2O_3/碳纳米复合材料的制备及其对苯酚的吸附作用

为获得同时具有有机亲和性和磁分离特性的吸附材料,以凹凸棒石黏土和废活性白土为原材料,通过铁盐水解共沉淀和在氢气气氛下程序升温煅烧的方法,制备廉价的凹凸棒石γ-Fe2O3/碳纳米复合材料.运用磁化率分析,红外吸收光谱,透射电镜,X射线衍射分析和碳含量分析对其进行了表征,并研究了复合材料吸附去除水中苯酚的动力学、吸附试验中pH的影响及同等条件下与其他吸附材料吸附性能的对比.结果表明,复合材料的磁化率值为2 769×10-8m3/kg,用磁分离工序即可把该吸附材料从溶液中快速分离出来;铁的磁性氧化物以γ-Fe2O3的形态负载到凹凸棒石表面,颗粒直径为10～60nm;碳以无定形的形态负载在凹凸棒石晶体表面;复合材料中的ω(碳)为7.4%,材料中出现了有机官能团-CH3和-CH2-.对苯酚的吸附试验表明,复合材料对苯酚的去除率是凹凸棒石原矿的3倍.     

海上石油平台溢油污染等级评估研究

石油污染被认为是对海洋环境危害较大污染物之一,文章通过分析与溢油污染程度有关的影响因素,首次构建了海上石油平台溢油污染程度评价指标体系。利用层次分析法(AHP)计算了各评价指标的权重,并以溢油量和油品特性持久性为例,分别建立了溢油量隶属度函数和油品特性的持久性隶属度子集表,最终完成了溢油污染程度的二级模糊综合评价模型。该评价模型为判断溢油污染等级提供了新方法,同时也为溢油应急决策部门采取应急措施提供一定的技术支持。     

水环境监测数据采集交换体系关键技术研究

水环境监测数据根据业务需求分布在各涉水部门,部门之间存在信息壁垒,共享能力差等问题,监测数据没有充分发挥作用。因此,在调研各级环保部门、涉水部门的网络构建现状的基础上,利用先进的计算机技术、信息技术建设水环境监测数据传输交换平台,构建水环境监测数据采集交换体系,实现监测数据共享,为环保决策服务。在此重点分析在体系建设过程中涉及的关键技术,确保水环境监测数据传输交换体系建设的可行性和实用性。     

锰尾矿、矿渣浸出毒性及Cd、Pb溶出特性研究

锰尾矿、矿渣是锰生产过程中形成的废弃物,里面的很多物质都会在自然条件下如雨水淋溶而溶出,进入到土壤和水体中造成环境污染。通过对锰尾矿、矿渣进行浸出毒性实验;以及结合到当地的自然条件,考查浸泡体系pH值、温度、液固比的变化条件,对尾矿、矿渣中Pb、Cd溶出含量的影响,明确了锰尾矿、矿渣属于一般的工业固体废物,以及Pb、Cd的溶出特性。     

浅谈我国二氧化碳减排途径及对策

在分析二氧化碳减排途径的基础上,分析了我国在节约能源、改变能源结构和二氧化碳埋存等方面的减排潜力,进而提出减排对策.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.