International experience of green development in Western China: an overall review of policy and practice

Green development emphasizes co-development between economic and environmental dimensions, and is a people-centered sustainable development approach. Western China demands green development, and international experience could provide necessary, unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals. This paper has made a comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation, in particular, OECD countries’ (mostly Australia and Canada) experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Data and information were gathered from the field surveys and investigations, expert meetings, as well as literature review. The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment, implementation and performance assessment, co-development between economic development and environmental protection, as well as green employment and poverty alleviation. The paper has addressed five policy considerations for the future promotion of green development in Western China.     

入海排污口污水微生物群落结构及其影响因素研究进展

入海排污口污水中存在大量微生物,其进入海洋后会对邻近海域的海水水质及海洋生物健康造成巨大威胁。因此,研究入海排污口污水中微生物的群落结构及其影响因素对于了解排污口污水对海洋生态环境的影响具有重要意义。本文综述了国内外不同类型入海排污口微生物的群落结构特征,着重介绍了影响入海排污口微生物群落结构的重要因素,并进一步阐述了排污口污水中微生物对排污口邻近海域的海水水质和海洋生物的影响。     

底栖穴居动物对潮滩N迁移转化的影响

以软体动物河蚬(Corbiculafluminea)为例,运用实验模拟的方法,通过对上覆水、孔隙水和沉积物的对比分析,研究了底栖动物对潮滩N迁移转化的影响。实验结果发现,河蚬主要通过排泄和生物扰动影响N在沉积物-水界面间的迁移转化。在富氧的环境下,底栖动物的活动结果使NO3 N在上覆水中有明显的持续累积效应,NH4 N在较深层孔隙水中积累,而NO2 N易在沉积物中累积。     

利用木薯渣进行纤维素分解菌混合发酵工艺研究

从自然界中筛选出6株相互间无拮抗作用的纤维素分解菌进行混合发酵,研究了该混菌以工业废弃物木薯渣为原料发酵的最佳产酶条件是:培养基配方为木薯渣4 g,黄豆粉0.75 g,KH2PO40.20 g,NaCl 0.02g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.015 g,蒸馏水1 000 mL;发酵工艺为初始pH=7.0,培养温度40℃,每250 mL锥形瓶装培养液140mL,接种量3%,在140 r·min-1转速下发酵72 h.结果表明,混合菌的发酵可大幅度提高纤维素酶活力及对还原糖的耐受力.     

“十四五”时期污染物总量控制的挑战、需求与应对研究

"十四五"时期是进一步巩固和提升环境质量改善成果、切实改善人民群众生存环境的关键时期。展望"十四五",应从发展的视角看总量控制与环境质量控制所面临的问题与困难,在考虑历史因素的基础上兼顾地区间的公平与效率,切实发挥环境管理对高质量发展的推动作用,迈向"环境质量导向的总量控制"。要落实改进总量控制和质量控制效果的新举措,进一步推动建立环境质量与总量控制的量化联动关系,推动城市—单元—行业的精细化总量控制管理,丰富总量控制要素,强化服务于总量控制的能力建设,建立总量控制目标下公平的环境责任划分制度。     

塔里木油田库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾处理现状与对策探讨

对塔里木油田库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾的处理现状和主要构成进行调查后,结合所在城市生活垃圾的处理方式,提出库尔勒生活基地生活垃圾"分类收集与回收利用"的途径,分析了实施中可能存在的问题,探讨了具体的对策,强调要从加强环保宣传、明确管理部门责任、完善回收设施、采用半市场化处理的对策思路。     

Emission control for precursors causing acid rain (V): Improvement of acid soil with the bio-briquette combustion ash

The bio-briquette technique which mixes coal, biomass and sulfur fixation agent and bio-briquettes under 3-5 t/cm^2 line pressure has aroused people‘s attention in view of controlling the air pollution and the acid rain. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of bio-briquette and its ash were investigated. And the acid soil was improved by the bio-briquette combustion ash, which contained nutritive substances such as P, N, K and had the acid-neutralizing capacity(ANC). The pH, EC, effective nutrient elements(Ca, Mg, K, P and N), heavy metal elements(AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) and acid-neutralizing capacity change of ash-added soils within the range of 0-10%, were also studied. Specially, when 5% bio-briquette combustion ash was added to the tested soil, the content of the effective elements such as Ca, Mg and K rose by 100 times, ? times and twice, respectively. The total nitrogen also increased by about twice. The results showed the oxyanions such as that of AI, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn were not potentially dangerous, because they were about the same as the averages of them in Chinese soil. It is shown that the ANC became stronger, though the ANC hardly increases in the ash-added soil. On the basis of the evaluation indices, it is concluded that the best mixture ratio is to add 2.5%--8% of the bio-briquette combustion ash to the tested soil.     

电力配电房在火灾下的有限元模拟分析

针对钢框架结构形式的电力配电房在基本荷载组合工况下构件承载能力的关键问题,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对模型进行空间静力分析,得出电力配电房在各种工况下的最不利荷载及其位置;针对电力配电房在火灾工况下构件耐火性能的关键问题,运用ABAQUS模拟分析其在火灾工况下的温度场分布和钢框架结构的承载能力和力学性能,并对这两类工况对比分析。研究结果表明:在基本荷载工况下,电力配电房在恒荷载与活荷载形成的组合效应下产生的沿X、Y、Z方向的剪力和弯矩最大,且其形成的竖向位移也最大;在火灾工况下,电力配电房最大应力位置与普通荷载工况大致相同,但最大位移位置不同;虽有局部钢材应力超限,但钢框架结构仍具备承载能力,设计人员可将应力超限的构件替换为屈服强度更高的钢材而非全部替换,既保证了整体结构的安全性,又达到节约材料降低造价的目的。     

Biological removal of methanol from process condensate for the purpose of reclamation

The biological removal of methanol from condensate of ammonia manufacturing processes for the purpose of reclamation using contact type reactor was studied. Methanol of 60 mg/L was removed completely under an HRT of 1.12 h. Optimal inorganic nutrient dose was determined on evaluating methanol removal performance and dehydrogenase activities (DHA) under different nutrition doses. The optimal inorganic nutrient dose only gave an increase of conductivity of ca. 10μs/cm^2 in the effluent on treating synthetic condensate containing methanol of 30mg/L. The results demonstrated that biological removal of methanol was effective for the purpose of recovering the methanol-bearing condensate.     

浅谈测井事故的认识与处理

在测井过程中,由于各种不可预见的复杂原因,测井事故不可避免。文章分析了形成测井事故的影响因素,如井径、钻井液性能、全角变化率、操作过程、套管鞋等。一旦测井事故发生,根据卡电缆、卡仪器、断电缆的事故特点来判断事故类型,再根据各种处理方法的优缺点来处理事故;提出一些注意事项,使测井事故防患于未然。