废弃电器电子产品POPs/PTS减排环境管理实践研究

全球环境基金(GEF)"通过环境无害化管理减少电器电子产品的生命周期内持久性有机污染物和持久性有毒化学品(POPs/PTS)的排放全额示范项目"湖北省作为项目示范省之一.三家废弃电器电子产品拆解企业,分别开展了废弃电器电子产品拆解技术示范、湿法废弃印刷电路板处置BAT/BEP技术示范、利用再生铅连续熔炼炉协同处置阴极射线管含铅锥玻璃项目技术示范.电子废弃物全自动化分类与拆解生产线,为电子废弃物绿色循环与资源化提供了示范模式.     

雌激素受体作为壬基酚的主要作用靶点导致机体免疫毒性

雌激素作为一类重要的性腺类固醇化学信使,已经被证实能够直接调节机体免疫反应,因此,一些具有拟雌激素特性的环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disruptors,EDs),会通过影响雌激素相关信号通路对免疫系统产生干扰作用。壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)作为典型的环境内分泌干扰物,已有大量的文献报道其通过拟雌激素特性或干扰雌激素的合成、分泌、转运以及与靶点的结合,破坏机体生殖功能以及神经-免疫-内分泌系统,影响整体生理平衡与稳定。近年来,NP对免疫系统的干扰作用逐渐引起重视,研究发现,NP暴露会引起小鼠免疫器官及免疫细胞的发育异常,并且会导致新生小鼠肝毒性,肝脏细胞内炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β分泌增加。除NP作为配体干扰雌激素信号通路外,尚未发现其他明确的分子机制解释NP造成的免疫毒性。本综述主要结合近年来相关的实验结果,总结了NP对免疫系统的潜在影响及其可能的分子机制。     

基于3D体外培养模型的化学物质肝毒性预测研究进展

精准预测化学物质肝毒性对保护人类生命健康安全具有重要意义。为了避免动物实验固有的物种间差异性和局限性,开发和利用与人源肝脏生理功能直接相关的体外模型至关重要。三维(3D)体外细胞培养模型相比于二维(2D)模型能更好地保留肝细胞代谢功能,再现肝脏内多种细胞相互作用的复杂环境,是体外模拟肝脏生理功能的一大进步,并初步在药物毒性评估方面获得应用的同时,也被引入到环境毒理学领域用于预测环境化学物质的肝毒性。本文介绍了目前常用3D体外细胞培养模型的制备方法,综述了其在环境化学物质(纳米材料、持久性有机污染物和新型有机污染物等)肝毒性预测方面的应用现状,最后探讨了3D肝细胞体外培养模型在有害结局路径指导下开展肝毒性预测的研究与应用前景。     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Treatment of drilling fluid waste during oil and gas drilling: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Oil and gas exploration and development provide important energy sources for the world, and drilling fluid is an essential engineering material for...     

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100,...     

Pyroligneous acids from biomass charcoal by-product as a potential non-selective bioherbicide for organic farming: its chemical components,greenhouse phytotoxicity and field efficacy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effective and environmentally friendly herbicides are urgently needed to meet consumer demand for organic products. To evaluate the weed control...     

Non-destructive study on identifying and monitoring of Cu-Pb pollution in corn based on near-infrared spectroscopy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The problem of heavy metal pollution in the environment is of increasing concern, especially in the agricultural environment. In this study, a method...     

洋河水库泄洪对近岸海域水质的影响

基于验证良好的秦皇岛河流-海岸一二维耦合数学模型,探讨了洋河水库泄洪对近岸海域水质的影响。由于水库COD浓度略高于近岸海域COD标准浓度,但远低于河道水体COD浓度,水库开闸放水初期,河口海域COD日平均浓度和超标面积较泄洪前有所增大,此后随着水库的不断泄洪,海域COD日平均浓度和超标面积逐渐减小,最终趋于稳定,海域水质较泄洪前得到明显改善。在相同水库放水COD浓度下,泄量越大,携带水库下游河道的污染物入海越多,海域COD日平均浓度超标面积越大,且泄量与超标面积间服从线性函数关系。在污染物入海通量相同的情况下,减小污染物入海浓度在一定程度上可以改善近岸海域水质状况。     

降雨诱发公路滑坡社会风险评估∗

降雨诱发公路滑坡灾害威胁着行车人员的生命安全,评估公路滑坡社会风险具有重要意义。然而,目前的公路滑坡社会风险评估方法无法考虑不同伤亡人数的年发生概率。针对上述不足,提出公路滑坡两类影响方式下不同伤亡人数的年发生概率计算方法,两类影响方式分别为运动滑体冲击行进中车辆和运动车辆碰撞已滑落滑体。提出的方法被用于评估香港地区青山公路某滑坡社会风险。首先基于中国香港历史滑坡数据统计获得降雨诱发该滑坡的年发生概率,之后采用经验公式预测该滑坡可能的滑动距离,最后基于全概率理论对两类影响方式下不同伤亡人数的年发生概率分别进行计算,并基于F?N 图对社会风险进行评价。评价结果表明不同类型车辆人员的伤亡风险互不相同,运动滑体冲击行进中车辆造成的人员伤亡风险低于运动车辆碰撞已滑落滑体造成的人员伤亡风险。