安全生产支撑模式及架构探讨

用系统论方法分析安全生产工作的整体性概念,指出安全生产支撑体系构建应以系统论的科学理论为基础,并提出在社会主义市场经济条件下,制度支撑、组织支撑和技术支撑共同构成稳定完整的安全生产支撑模式。在架构上,安全生产支撑体系可细分为若干各具特点的服务与支持系统,包括法律法规、安全标准、政策措施、企业安全管理、政府安全监管、事故应急管理、科技创新、中介服务、宣传教育等体系,该体系相对独立、相互联系,共同构成完整的安全生产支撑体系框架。     

Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Nansi Lake, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in surface sediments and dated core sediments from the Nansi Lake of China to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. The concentrations of 16 kinds priority PAH compounds were determined by GC-MS method. And ²¹⁰Pb isotope dating method was used to determine the chronological age of the sediment as well as the deposition rate. The results indicated that the total PAHs concentration ranges in surface and core sediment samples were 160 ~32,600 and 137 ~ 693 ng/g (dry wt.), respectively. The sediment rate and the average mass sedimentation were calculated to be 0.330 cm·year^???1 and 0.237 g·cm^???2·yr^???1 and the sediment time of the collected core sample ranged from 1899 to 2000. The peak of PAH concentrations came at recent years. The source analysis showed PAHs mainly came from the contamination of low temperature pyrogenic processes, such as coal combustion. The PAHs concentrations were lower than ERL and LEL values for most collected samples. However, in several surface sediment samples especially in estuary sites, the PAHs concentrations were not only higher than ERL and LEL values, but also higher than ERM values.     

环境气体标准样品量值的计算及不确定度分析

依据《气体分析校准气体混合物的制备重量法》（1SO6142—2001）和《气体分析气体标准样品组成的测定和校验比较法》（ISO6143—2001）,阐述了环境气体标准样品不同定值方法的量值计算及不确定度来源,并比较了同一气体标准样品采用不同定值方法得到的不同量值结果及不确定度：     

Application of CMB model for source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal surface sediments from Rizhao offshore area, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal surface sediments from Rizhao offshore area were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A chemical mass balance (CMB) model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CMB8.2, was used to apportion sources of PAHs. Seven possible sources, including coal residential, coal power plant, diesel engines exhaust, gasoline engines exhaust, coke oven, diesel oil leaks, and wood burning, were chosen as the major contributors for PAHs in coastal surface sediments. To establish the fingerprints of the seven sources, source profiles were collected from literatures. After including degradation factors, the modified model results indicate that diesel oil leaks, diesel engines exhaust, and coal burning were the three major sources of PAHs. The source contributions estimated by the EPA’s CMB8.2 model were 9.25%, 15.05%, and 75.70% for diesel oil leaks, diesel engines exhaust, and coal burning, respectively.     

煤炭地下气化灰渣浸泡实验及Zn、Cd、Pb、As环境效应分析

为研究煤炭地下气化灰渣的环境效应,主要是对地下水的影响,以洛阳半焦煤为研究对象,进行煤炭地下气化的模型实验.取气化后的灰渣浸泡,测定浸出液中Zn、Cd、Pb和As4种元素的质量浓度.浸出液中Zn、Cd和As的质量浓度均低于地下水Ⅲ级标准.在饮用水允许的浓度范围内,不会对地下水造成多大污染;Pb的质量浓度在地下水Ⅴ类标准内,可能会对地下水造成一定污染.现场应考虑采取适当处理措施.4种元素的质量浓度均远低于浸出毒性鉴别标准值,因而不属于具有浸出毒性的危险废物.研究表明洛阳半焦煤地下气化灰渣中的Zn、Cd、Pb和As对环境的影响较小,不会对地下水产生多大影响.但在现场的工业试验中,由于长期的积累作用,也可能使元素的累积浓度超过地下水允许浓度,应定期监测.     

出口角度对防烟空气幕防烟效果影响的数值模拟

利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS,以四川消防研究所高层实验塔二层为原型,模拟在不同防烟空气幕出口角度情况下高层建筑前室烟气运动情况,获得在其他条件不变情况下,空气幕运行时的最佳出口角度。试验结果表明:空气幕角度为5°及20°时,模拟试验后期烟气基本突破了空气幕蔓延至前室内,而当出口角度为10°和15°时防烟效果较好,且15°时防烟效果优于10°,故推荐空气幕运行时的最佳出口角度为15°。     

TEOM法与实验室称重法监测大气中TSP的对比研究

用数理统计的方法计算出TEOM法与称重法监测结果的偏差,用F检验法检验TEOM法与称重法监测结果之间的致性,用r检测法检验TEOM法与称重法监测结果之间的相关性,用t检验法检验TEOM法与称重法监测结果之间的差异,通过对比研究,找出TEOM法与称重法之间的相互关系和规律。