Removal of anionic azo dye from aqueous solution via an adsorption–photosensitized regeneration process on a TiO2 surface

Textile dye effluents are typically characterized by strong color and recalcitrance, even at very low concentration. The process of enrichment of anionic azo dye on the surface of TiO₂ fibers followed by photosensitization degradation under ambient air conditions was extensively investigated. Adsorption isotherms and zeta potentials were used to describe the “dye/TiO₂ surface” interface, taking into account the effects of pH on the nature and population of the surface groups on the TiO₂ fibers. The extent of the photocatalytic degradation of dye on TiO₂ surface was determined by FTIR. N₂ adsorption isotherms and optical spectra were employed to investigate the effect of photosensitization. The adsorption of dyes on the TiO₂ surface occurs via electrostatic attraction through the formation of single- or multidentate-coordinated surface complexes. Almost complete photobleaching of the absorption band at 534 nm is achieved in ~4 h. Dye-sensitized TiO₂ fiber could absorb part of the visible light spectrum (λ?<?600 nm). Interfacial electron transfer can potentially alter the degradation efficiency. The regenerated TiO₂ fiber could be reused for subsequent decolorization without a decline in adsorption efficiency compared with freshly prepared TiO₂ samples, which may be attributed to preservation of the hierarchical pore structure and restoration of the original surface properties. In summary, we propose an efficient “adsorption–photoregeneration–reuse” process applying TiO₂ fibers for the degradation of dyes in water.     

Environmental behavior of benalaxyl and furalaxyl enantiomers in agricultural soils

The enantioselective environmental behavior of the chiral fungicides benalaxy and furalaxyl in agricultural soils in China was studied. Although sorption onto soils was non-enantioselective, the leaching of benalaxy and furalaxyl was enantioselective in soil columns. The concentrations of the S-enantiomers of both fungicides in the leachates were higher than the R-enantiomers. This can be attributed to enantioselective degradation of the two fungicides in the soil column. Enantioselective degradation of the two fungicides was verified by soil dissipation experiments, and the R-enantiomers degraded faster than the S-enantiomers in partial soils. The half-life was 27.7–57.8 days for S-benalaxyl, 20.4–53.3 days for R-benalaxyl, 19.3–49.5 days for S-furalaxyl and 11.4–34.7 days for R-furalaxyl. The degradation process of the two fungicide enantiomers followed the first-order kinetics (R² > 0.96). Compared to furalaxyl, benalaxyl degraded more slowly and degradation was less enantioselective. These results are attributed to the influence of soil physicochemical properties, soil microorganisms, and environmental factors.     

UASB-SBR处理涤纶短纤维废水的实验研究

分别采用水解酸化与好氧（SBR）、厌氧（UASB）与好氧（SBR）工艺对涤纶短纤维废水的生物降解性能进行研究。水解酸化与好氧工艺在进水COD为1 900 mg/L的时候,去除率在80%左右。采用UASB-SBR工艺,进水COD为2700 mg/L时,COD去除率可以达到96%,出水COD〈100 mg/L。实验研究表明,涤纶短纤维废水更适合采用UASB-SBR工艺来处理,并且能够取得较好的效果。     

Biodegradation of triclosan and triclocarban in sewage sludge during composting under three ventilation strategies

TCS and TCC can be biodegraded during sewage sludge composting. Ventilation significantly accelerated the biodegradation of TCS and TCC in sludge. Composting can reduce the environmental risk of TCS and TCC in sewage sludge. Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 108, 92, and 79 m³/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m³/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m³/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of<1 for TCS and TCC.     

氟化钠和氟乙酰胺对培养赤麂细胞姐妹染色单体互换和染色体畸变的影响

本文采用培养的赤麂细胞对氟化钠和氟乙酰胺进行致突变效应的研究.观察指标是染色体畸变率(％),姐妹染色单体交换率(SCEs)和细胞周期动力学变化.实验结果证明,氟化钠和氟乙酰胺在培养的赤麂细胞上都能引起染色体畸变率增高,促使SCEs增加和延迟细胞周期.因此,本工作实验结果支持了部份文献中氟化物是一种致突变物的结论.     

粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用

就粉煤灰处理废水的研究与应用现状进行了综述。粉煤灰主要通过其吸附作用 (物理吸附和化学吸附 )处理废水 ,对于城市污水、工业废水、含重金属离子、F- 、PO3- 4废水等均有较好的处理效果。对粉煤灰进行物理或化学改性研制高效复合粉煤灰混凝剂是提高粉煤灰利用价值的有效途径之一。同时 ,提高粉煤灰吸附容量以及妥善处理吸附饱和灰是当前急需解决的问题     

钢筋混凝土阴极保护技术在海洋飞溅与潮差区的应用研究

对渤海某海水码头处于飞溅与潮差区的钢筋混凝土承重梁进行了阴极保护的工程实践。这项技术的工程应用进一步说明,在这种已经建成的、还在服役的钢筋混凝土构筑物内,阴极保护技术是目前抑制钢筋锈蚀的最有效和切实可行的方法。     

澜沧江流域沉积物间隙水-上覆水营养盐特征与交换通量分析

为分析澜沧江梯级水库建设对澜沧江流域沉积物-水界面交换过程的影响,于2016年2~3月对澜沧江云南段间隙水-上覆水氮、磷营养盐进行了调查与分析.结果表明,澜沧江自然河道沉积物间隙水总氮(TN)均值为15.254 mg·L~(-1),显著高于水库均值6.577 mg·L~(-1);但其总磷(TP)均值为0.654 mg·L~(-1),低于水库区域的1.432 mg·L~(-1).澜沧江流域沉积物间隙水氮、磷浓度均高于上覆水浓度,上覆水-间隙水垂向TN浓度在表层沉积物处达到最大值,且自然河道总溶解氮(DTN)扩散通量均值为2.117 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),高于水库的均值0.785 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1);但其总溶解磷(DTP)扩散通量为0.044 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),低于水库的均值0.053 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),上覆水氮盐主要来源于沉积物间隙水.澜沧江梯级水库建设导致的沉积物组成差异与水体扰动差异是间隙水-上覆水界面交换差异的主要原因.     

电动单梁起重机检验过程中的问题

电动单梁起重机被广泛应用于国民经济建设的各个领域和部门,是现代大工业生产中不可缺少的重要设备。由于电动单梁起重机的使用环境复杂,在使用过程中一旦发生事故,会造成机毁人亡。下面对电动单梁起重机的几个常见问题进行探讨。     

经济发达区域生态化发展研究——以张家港经济技术开发区为例

中国苏南地区经济基础雄厚,生态环境良好,但区域生态化发展仍面临着产业亟需转型升级、自主研发能力不足和土地资源紧缺等制约.优化发展方式,实现生态化改造是经济发达地区进一步发展的必然选择.文章以张家港经济技术开发区为研究对象,在对其存在问题进行分析的基础上,从企业、园区和区域三个层次提出了生态化发展的途径,并从产业改造和结构提升、积极发展低碳经济和加强产城共建等方面加以展开,可为张家港经济技术开发区的建设提供科学决策的依据.