Predicted distributed state effects on enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a 5-stage Bardenpho wastewater treatment configuration.

Conventional wastewater treatment simulation programs use a "lumped" approach, where process rates are calculated using bulk concentrations of biomass and microbial storage products. A recently developed distributed, or agent-based, approach, where individual bacteria are modeled to account for their potentially variable hydraulic experiences, was applied to the 5-stage Bardenpho process, a type of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) that includes internal recycle flows, which were hypothesized to affect distributed state development. Consistent with previous results, the EBPR predicted performance was worse according to the distributed approach than the lumped approach. In addition, increasing the internal recycle rate increased the anoxic reactor nitrate concentrations, tending to decrease EBPR performance. However, in the distributed approach, differences in the state distributions in internal recycle-linked reactors decreased with increasing recycle flow, tending to improve EBPR. These phenomena tend to have simultaneous and opposite effects on EBPR. The net effect will depend largely on the specific systems and the nitrate concentration in anoxic reactors.     

低温环境下手部温度主动加热技术的研究

本文介绍了一种低温环境下手部温度主动加热技术.通过热力学有关理论知识分析得出:人的手部是极易遭受低温损伤的重要部位之一.本研究设计了一种全新的手部温度主动加热系统,打破了传统的被动式手部加热防护体系,实现了手部温度的自动调节.该系统既可以保障人手部的工效性能,同时又可以满足手部精细操控作业的要求.     

面向安全评价的化工事故推理系统

针对流程工业的安全评价,开发了基于案例推理的化工事故分析系统,为依赖人工推理的HAZOP方法提供可靠性依据,激发专家头脑风暴.简要介绍了CBR的实现过程,描述了化工事故推理系统的结构,包括案例的表达、案例的检索、案例的推理以及学习.其中,案例属性的表达是依据对化工事故的分类思想.案例索引采用的是分步策略,第一步得到案例检索的子集,第二步在子集中匹配案例并排序.着重研究了数字属性和语义属性的匹配以及相似度的算法,并结合模糊技术和语义分词技术给出了具体实现方法.实际案例的应用结果表明本系统有效的提高了事故推理的自动化程度,具有很高的实际意义.     

Vitrification of bottom ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator

During incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), various environmentally harmful elements and heavy metals are liberated either into bottom ash, or carried away with the off-gases and subsequently trapped in fly-ash. If these minor but harmful elements are not properly isolated and immobilized, it can lead to secondary environmental pollution to the air, soil and water. The stricter environmental regulations to be implemented in the near future in The Netherlands require a higher immobilization efficiency of the bottom ash treatment. In the present study, MSW incinerator bottom ash was vitrified at higher temperatures and the slag formed and metal recovered were examined. The behaviour of soluble elements that remain in the slag is evaluated by standard leaching test. The results obtained can provide a valuable route to treat the ashes from incinerators, and to make recycling and more efficient utilization of the bottom ash possible.     

脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂对Cr3+的吸附和解吸性能

研究了脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂（简称树脂）对Cr3＋的吸附和解吸性能。在溶液初始Cr3＋质量浓度为250m∥L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH为5的条件下,树脂对Cr3＋的吸附量最大。Cr3＋质量浓度在实验范围内,等温吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,最大吸附量为18．6208mg／g。树脂对Cr3＋的吸附在吸附时间为180min时趋于平衡,且吸附为液膜扩散控制。随吸附温度的升高（10～55℃）,树脂对Cr3＋的吸附量略有增加。用质量分数为5％的HCl溶液可将吸附在树脂上的Cr3＋解吸,解吸率近100％,且重复5次吸附和解吸过程,树脂对Cr3＋的吸附量基本保持不变。     

用硅橡胶平板复合膜分离苯酚时总传质系数的影响因素

用硅橡胶平板复合膜处理高浓度含酚废水,测定了体系的总传质系数（Kov）,分析了温度、盐离子强度、跨膜压差（△p）、膜厚度对Kov的影响。实验结果表明：Kov随温度的升高而呈线性增加,传质通量与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程;当△p〈0．1MPa时,Kov与压力无关;当△p〉0．1MPa时,压差升高可提高传质系数,但会导致膜的致密化;离子强度改变了苯酚在相间的分配系数,进而影响传质过程;膜厚度降低能有效提高膜的Kov;在膜活性皮层厚度4μm、pH12．5～13．0、温度323．15K、废水流量1205mL／min、废水中苯酚质量浓度7．78g/L、无压差和离子强度的条件下,运行8h后,Kov为16．1×10^-7m／s。     

膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器处理啤酒废水

对接种市政消化污泥的膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）反应器的启动及启动成功后在35℃和15℃时的运行特性进行了研究。结果表明：EGSB反应器采用低进水COD、高有机负荷方式,46d快速启动成功;在35℃、HRT为3．4h、液体上升流速为2．80m／h的条件下,COD去除率均能保持在90．0％以上;温度在进水COD为450mg／L左右时对COD去除率影响不明显,但在1700mg／L左右时影响明显;EGSB反应器能在15℃的低温条件下稳定高效运行;在短时间内经历15℃→50℃→15℃的温度冲击和4．32kg／（m^3·d）到15．50kg／（m^3·d）的负荷冲击后能在8d和14d内快速恢复;经历35℃→17℃→35℃的温度冲击后,COD去除率的恢复没有出现滞后期。     

浅谈资源型城市可持续发展 ──以大庆为例阐述战略规划和环境政策制定的依据和原则

文章分析了资源型城市制定可持续发展战略和环境政策的依据和原则,以大庆开发建设多年来的成功经验和失败教训为例,阐释了资源型城市充分利用资源、资金、文化、人才的重要性和必要性,及对生态环境和人文环境充分保护的紧迫性。进而说明:充分利用好城市的各种资源,充分保护好城市的生态环境和人文环境,及早发展替代产业完成城市转型是资源型城市可持续发展的必由之路。     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.