微波法处理含铬废渣的可行性分析

微波辐照解毒铬渣是一项新技术,为考察该技术应用的可行性,本文对铬渣解毒前后性状的变化进行了讨论。结果表明,该技术能较完全地使高价铬转化为低价铬,解毒渣中铬主要以三价形态存在,铬渣毒性得到消除;解毒渣浸出液中Cr6+浓度远低于国家危险废物鉴别标准,解毒渣已不属于危险固体废弃物,其在环境条件下可安全存放。说明该技术具有应用前景。     

电气浮含油污水处理工艺工业性试验研究

电解气浮含油污水处理工艺是一种新型的污水处理技术。基于室内试验及现场小试的研究成果,对该技术进行了放大的工业性试验研究,设计了试验流程及装置,取得了阶段性的试验结果。研究结果表明,经电气浮处理后除油率最高可达89%,悬浮固体去除率最高为73%,最低为30%;杀菌率达到99.6%~100%,达到了电气浮除油的要求。电气浮含油污水处理工艺与其他含油污水处理工艺相比,药剂投加量为常规工艺的1/3,运行电耗为0.2 kW.h/m3,总的运行费用约为常规工艺的40%~60%。研究成果为电气浮工艺在石油化工废水处理中的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

一起工伤事故的分析与预防

叙述了工作面减速机液力耦合器伤人经过 ,分析了事故各方面的原因 ,并制定了预防措施 ,具有普遍性和典型性。     

Comprehensive evaluation of land reclamation schemes in mining areas based on linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making

Schemes to protect the geological environment and reclaim land are core requirements for an application for mining rights and complying with mining regulations. Mining enterprises must be supervised to ensure they fulfill their obligations. To guide oversight of such schemes and to provide references for their compilation and review, this study evaluates land reclamation schemes in mining areas using a multi-attribute group decision-making method. First, linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are used to describe the evaluation information. Considering the authority and preferences of experts, methods for determining expert weights in four cases are established. Max–min deviation then determines the attribute weights, and a method for linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making is proposed. Finally, the practicability of this method is verified through a comparative analysis of land reclamation schemes for four mining areas in Sichuan Province, China. The results show the proposed method to give simple and effective evaluation, making it reasonably applicable to the compilation and review of land reclamation schemes.

     

Knowledge spillovers and subsequent innovation in green energy: the role of public R&D

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

MicroRNA: a novel implication for damage and protection against ionizing radiation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Ionizing radiation (IR) is a form of high energy. It poses a serious threat to organisms, but radiotherapy is a key therapeutic strategy for various...     

Preliminary ecotoxicological characterization of a new energetic substance, CL-20

A new energetic substance hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (or CL-20) was tested for its toxicities to various ecological receptors. CL-20 (epsilon-polymorph) was amended to soil or deionized water to construct concentration gradients. Results of Microtox (15-min contact) and 96-h algae growth inhibition tests indicate that CL-20 showed no adverse effects on the bioluminescence of marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri and the cell density of freshwater green algae Selenastrum capricornutum respectively, up to its water solubility (ca. 3.6 mg l(-1)). CL-20 and its possible biotransformation products did not inhibit seed germination and early seedling (16-19 d) growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) up to 10,000 mg kg(-1) in a Sassafras sandy loam soil (SSL). Indigenous soil microorganisms in SSL and a garden soil were exposed to CL-20 for one or two weeks before dehydrogenase activity (DHA) or potential nitrification activity (PNA) were assayed. Results indicate that up to 10,000 mg kg(-1) soil of CL-20 had no statistically significant effects on microbial communities measured as DHA or on the ammonium oxidizing bacteria determined as PNA in both soils. Data indicates that CL-20 was not acutely toxic to the species or microbial communities tested and that further studies are required to address the potential long-term environmental impact of CL-20 and its possible degradation products.     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与聚合硫酸铁复合絮凝剂的制备及应用研究

在一定温度下 ,将聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵 (PDMDAAC)溶解在聚合硫酸铁 (PFS)中 ,制成稳定的均相复合溶液。采用FT IR和X 射线衍射对其固体结构进行了分析。考察了液体复合絮凝剂的稳定性和固体复合絮凝剂的吸湿溶解性能 ,及其对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明 :在 6 0℃以下制备的液体复合絮凝剂具有良好的稳定性 ,固体复合絮凝剂具有良好的溶解性和比PFS更强的吸湿性 ;复合絮凝剂不是由PDMDAAC与PFS简单的机械混和 ,而是互相融合的复合体系 ;具有比PFS更优的去污性能和与PFS类似的较宽的最佳投药范围和 pH适用范围。对浊度和COD分别为 10 5 2和 187 5mg/L ,pH值为 7 5 9的生活污水 ,复合絮凝剂中Fe3 + 和PDMDAAC最佳用量分别为 5 4 .15和 4 2 7mg/L ,对COD的去除率为 77 14 % ,比PFS在用量为 81 2 2mg/L时的最佳效果高 12 %。     

毒死蜱对于隆线溞和中华薄壳介混合种群的影响

研究了毒死蜱对隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)和中华薄壳介(Dolerocypris sinensis)混合种群的种群密度、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)比活力和隆线溞游离态几丁质酶免疫可反应蛋白(chitinase-IR)的影响。结果表明,在毒死蜱质量浓度高于0.05μg/L的条件下,毒死蜱对两种生物会有抑制作用,并且基本随暴露浓度的升高而增强。不过,随着水中残留的毒死蜱浓度降低,抑制作用会减弱。计算毒死蜱对隆线溞和中华薄壳介的最高无作用浓度(NOEC)和最低有效浓度(LOEC)发现,中华薄壳介对毒死蜱的敏感性高于隆线溞。在生态风险评估工作中,NOEC或LOEC使用时间加权平均浓度会使评价结果更加准确。     

采用两级物化法去除黄磷废水中的氟化物

采用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝，然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺的二级处理工艺除氟，通过控制合适的pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量，可使黄磷废水中氟的质量浓度降至5mg/L，氟的去除率达到99％以上，出水中氟的质量浓度达到GB8978－1996一级排放标准。