地下水有氧反硝化的固态有机碳源选择研究

目前生物反硝化多采用液态有机碳源,如甲醇、乙醇等,而对富含有机碳的固态有机碳源研究较少.选取4种农业废弃物:麦杆、稻草、木屑、稻壳作为反硝化细菌的碳源,以菜园土和白蚁侵蚀过的木条为接种物的有氧条件下,研究了含100 mg·L-1 NO3-废水的氮去除情况.研究结果表明充填麦杆和稻草的反应具有较好的反硝化效果,且最终无NO2-的积累;反应过程中无NH4 的产生;pH值随反硝化进行而略有升高,随反硝化结束而趋于定值.因此,麦杆和稻草可作为进一步反应的固态有机碳源.     

基因枪介导获得转植酸酶基因水稻研究

植酸酶是一类能促进植酸及其盐类水解成肌醇和磷酸的酶的总称.它能提高饲料和食品中磷的利用率,减轻粪便中磷排放所造成的环境污染,清除植酸与金属离子的螯合作用,改善微量元素的吸收和利用.本研究将马铃薯的胞外分泌信号肽(Psec)和大肠杆菌的植酸酶基因(appA2)结合组成融合基因导入粳稻台北309中.PCR检测和Southern杂交表明,植酸酶基因和分泌信号肽序列已经整合到水稻的基因组中.无机磷含量分析表明,含目的基因的转基因水稻种子及茎叶中的无机磷含量均较未转化植株有显著的提高.图6表1参14     

准好氧填埋渗滤液中氮转化机理

依据准好氧填埋的原理构建了填埋试验装置,在填埋装置各个层次设计采样装置.定期采集渗滤液进行分析,测定各个层次区域渗滤液中氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和总氮的质量浓度,分析各形态氮之间的变化规律与相关性,初步探讨氮转化的机理.结果表明,准好氧填埋上层区域中,渗滤液的氨氮与硝态氮质量浓度变化相关性极显著;中层和下层区域由于处于兼氧和厌氧状态,硝化作用较弱,渗滤液中氨氮与硝态氮质量浓度变化相关性不显著.上层渗滤液中氨氮与总氮相关性不显著,中层和下层氨氮与总氮相关性极显著,表明中层和下层区域中,渗滤液的氨氮质量浓度变化是导致总氮含量变化的主要贡献因素.     

生活垃圾焚烧厂贮坑沥滤液的负压蒸发预处理研究

采用负压蒸发法处理上海市某大型生活垃圾焚烧发电厂贮坑沥滤液,实验研究了沥滤液蒸发过程中冷凝液组分的变化特征.结果表明:生活垃圾焚烧厂贮坑沥滤液中含有高质量浓度的挥发性污染物,低碳醇和碳原子数不大于7的挥发性有机酸(VFA)约占沥滤液中有机碳质量浓度的50%;沥滤液直接蒸发可将原液转化为原液量的84%,不含氨氮,有机物质量浓度为原液的21%,且90%以上为VFA及低碳醇的冷凝液,以及有机物质量浓度浓缩了4.4倍,适于焚烧处理的浓缩液;通过蒸发处理,沥滤液的处理难度大大降低,蒸发用能可取自焚烧热能回收后的低温位热能,降低了蒸发处理的费用.      

Fenton试剂处理选矿废水的实验研究

研究了用Fenton试剂处理某选矿废水中残余的黄药,分别考查了氧化时间、反应初始pH值、Fe2+浓度及H2O2用量对黄药降解效果的影响,用正交试验确定了四个因素的最好条件。结果表明:初始pH值和H2O2用量是影响去除效果的主要因素;氧化时间为60min,反应初始pH=4,[Fe2+]=20mg/L,[H2O2]=20mg/L,黄药的浓度为125mg/L时,黄药的去除率达到99.5%。     

低浓度TCC/TCS对废水生化处理系统的影响效应

针对TCC/TCS广泛应用于洗涤化妆用品行业,同时带来对废水生化处理系统的毒性问题,采用混凝—厌氧—好氧处理工艺,研究TCC/TCS对生化处理系统的影响效应,并探讨系统的调控反馈机制,对于这类废水的处理工艺设计、工艺调控具有较高的参考价值。     

多因素作用下同庭湖洪水调蓄量的变化

用实测资料分析比较了出口水位31．0m时,洞庭湖调蓄量的变化趋势及影响调蓄量的各种因素。用多元线性回归方法建立了调蓄量经验公式,并用该公式计算分析了各因素对调蓄量变化的影响。结果表明,该公式能够较全面地反映调蓄量变化的原因,且能够近似区分淤积和围垦对调蓄量的影响。     

高职教育考试方法改革的探索与实践

根据高职教育教学的要求和课程特点,尤其是为适应培养应用型人才的教学模式,打破“高分低能”的现象,充分发挥考试在高职教育中的指导性作用,本文以食品质量与安全专业的课程为例,对考试考核方法的改革进行了探索与实践。高职教育的考试应突出应用能力考核,加强实践技能检验,坚持在实践中学习、在实践中考核,全面推行操作技能考核,施行“考教分离”,考试形式多样化的原则。     

Anaerobic degradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in sludge

Anaerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated. Results showed that terminal electron acceptors, organic matters, initial concentration, and temperature had great influence on the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs could be enhanced by adding sulfate or nitrate while this process could be inhibited by adding organic matters. The maximum removal rate increased 1.24 microM d(-1) for each ten micromoles increase in initial concentration. The decrease in temperature caused a sharp decrease in the removal efficiency of NPEOs. The temperature coefficient (PHI) for the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs was 0.01 degrees C(-1). Nonylphenol (NP), the typical intermediate of NPEOs, could inhibit the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs only at high concentration. However, these environmental factors had no effect on the anaerobic biodegradation pathway of NPEOs. The accumulation of NP and short-chain NPEOs during NPEO biodegradation led to a significant increase in the estrogenic activity during the biodegradation period.     

Oxidation of elemental mercury using atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma

The oxidation of gas phase elemental mercury (Hg0) by atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma has been investigated at room temperature, employing both dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) of the gas mixture of Hg0 and injection of ozone (O3) into the gas mixture of Hg0. Results have shown that the oxidative efficiencies of Hg0 by DBD and the injection of O3 are 59% and 93%, respectively, with energy consumption of 23.7 J L(-1). This combined approach has indicated that O3 plays a decisive role in the oxidation of gas phase Hg0. Also the oxidation of Hg0 by injecting O3 into the gas mixture of Hg0 proceeds with better efficiency than DBD of the gas mixture of Hg0. These results have been explained by the incorporation of the competitive reaction pathways between the formation of HgO by O3 and the decomposition of HgO back to Hg0 in the plasma environment.