适合我国国情的城市生活垃圾处理方法

介绍了发达国家所采用的城市垃圾处理技术的原理及其优缺点，对适合我国国情的垃圾处理技术提出了建议。     

换个视角谈地震观测改进与研究

自建国以来，中国的地震工作从无到有，地震队伍在不断壮大，经历了一个漫长发展的历程。而2008年5月12日下午2时28分发生在汶川的8．0级特大地震，造成了重大的伤亡和经济损失，引起地震工作者们的认真反思：多年来的地震工作布局有什么不足之处，哪些需要改进？很多问题值得思考，本文仅就以下三方面做一个讨论。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal for swine wastewater by ammonium crystallization and intermittent aeration process

Abstract

A process on crystallized precipitation of ammonium by adding magnesium salt and phosphate was carried out to improve C/N ratio in swine wastewater. After completion of crystallized precipitation of ammonium, an intermittent aeration process with aeration and non‐aeration periods alternated at interval of 1:1 hr day^‐1 is used for the improved swine wastewater (T‐N/BOD=0.14: BOD=8200 mg/liter and T‐N=1166 mg/liter). The results obtained from the experiment show that the removal ratios of T‐N and NH₄‐N are 91% and 99%, respectively. T‐P is not removed, while the removal ratio of PO₄‐P is 60% as 3% of CaCl₂ liquid is added. The results also indicate that dilution with water is effective to improve the removal of phosphorus even if raw swine wastewater contains high concentrations of T‐N, T‐P, BOD, and TOC.     

Enhanced aminophenols monitoring using in-channel amperometric detection with dual-channel microchip capillary electrophoresis

Improved techniques are needed to monitor toxic aminophenols in industrial wastewater. Microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE)-electrochemical detection (ECD) can be used to develop miniaturized system providing on-site monitoring. Here, a dual-channel microchip CE-ECD has been applied for the monitoring of aminophenols. The effect of conductance and capacitance between a working electrode and a reference electrode has been studied to minimize the noise that was generated in the amperometric detection. A mixture of aminophenols dissolved in a running buffer has been monitored. A separation efficiency with a plate number of 4770 and a high linear concentration dependence from 100 nM to 1 mM have been achieved for p-aminophenol. As a result, the analysis system has been applied for the monitoring of the pollutants with low detection limits of p-aminophenol (14.6 nM), o-aminophenol (10.6 nM) and m-aminophenol (15.3 nM). Here, we show that a wastewater sample from a natural gas refinery can be monitored using the microchip CE-ECD system.     

隧道-滑坡平行体系时间效应演化及变形破坏试验研究∗

通过4组隧道-滑坡平行体系模型试验,研究在不同工况下隧道-滑坡相互作用下的时间效应和变形破坏模式。结果表明:(1)隧道-滑坡平行体系单滑面情况滑坡推力在滑体内产生一种应力临界状态,该应力临界状态是处于拉、压应力变化过渡的一种状态,有一个时间传递变化的过程,即时间效应。(2)桥隧搭接桩基础支撑结构较无支撑结构会加速应力临界过渡状态的时间效应。(3)滑坡体内的滑坡推力,最先引起滑带位置附近的土体达到应力临界过渡状态,随着时间的推移,这种临界状态逐步由滑坡体后缘向前缘移动,滑坡破坏面上的每一点的时间与应变关系均会呈现不同的"S"型曲线特征,对于整个滑体而言,滑面上每一点的时间与应变关系曲线,在不同时刻呈现不同的线型特征。(4)桥隧搭接桩基础支撑结构较无支撑结构会延缓隧道模型的破坏,使得破坏断裂面向基岩内部延伸,且作用效果显著,但隧道模型整体的破坏处于基岩内。     

对氨基酚生产废水的综合治理技术研究

本文提供的对氨基酚生产废水综合治理技术，采用蒸发结晶法回收工艺废水中的对氨基酚和硫酸铵，采用甲苯萃取－蒸馏分离法回收共沸废水中的苯胺，采用梯度浓度优势菌－常规生化组合技术处理混合废水，投资６１０万元建设年产２０００ｔ对氨基酚生产废水治理工程，排水可达到国家污水综合排放二级水质标准，每这可回收硫酸铵３０６０ｔ，苯胺３９０ｔ，对氨基酚６０ｔ，年回收价值５８０万元，年利税合计１８７万元，实现了废水处理与     

碳酸盐-硫酸盐矿物强化垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理研究

厌氧消化通常是垃圾渗滤液生物处理的首要环节,但处理效率不高.本研究尝试通过添加碳酸盐、硫酸盐等矿物来提高垃圾渗滤液的厌氧转化效率.研究共设置5组厌氧生物反应器,包括投加硬石膏、方解石、石膏、白云石的反应器及空白对照,考察添加矿物对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化的影响.从实验结果可以看出,添加矿物的反应器中COD的去除率可以达到75%左右,而空白对照组去除率尚不足60%,添加矿物反应器甲烷产量显著高于对照.从反应器中的p H变化可以看出,矿物的添加可以提高溶液中的p H.研究结果表明,添加碳酸盐/硫酸盐矿物对垃圾渗滤液中的有机物厌氧消化过程具有重要的促进作用.     

宝鸡市街道尘埃磁学特征空间分布及环境意义

对宝鸡市街道尘埃样品进行详细系统环境磁学实验分析并结合扫描电子显微镜研究表明,宝鸡市街道尘埃中磁性矿物含量高,主要的磁性矿物为多畴和假单畴的低矫顽力亚铁磁性矿物,同时含有少量的赤铁矿等高矫顽力的硬磁性矿物.污染来源主要以工业和交通等人为污染为主.街道尘埃的磁学特征表现出一定的空间变化规律揭示出污染的空间分布,划分为6个主要区域:A(创新路到高新八路区域)和B(东风路和马营路区域),磁性物质含量整体很高,揭示污染相对较重,污染源主要为"工业+交通";C区(火炬路到医康区域)磁性物质含量相对较高,是中度污染的区域,污染源主要为"交通";D(经二路与人民路区域)、E(清姜路和姜谭路西部区域)和F(陈仓区虢镇),磁性物质含量相对较低,揭示轻度污染,污染源主要为"交通".     

Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self‐efficacy,reward importance,and locus of control

The effects of extrinsic rewards on creative performance have been controversial, and scholars have called for the examination of the boundary conditions of such effects. Drawing upon expectancy theory, we attend to both reinforcement and self‐determination pathways that reveal the informational and controlling functions of creativity‐related extrinsic rewards. We further identify the individual dispositions that moderate these two pathways. Specifically, we propose that extrinsic rewards for creativity positively predict creative performance only when employees have high creative self‐efficacy and regard such rewards as important. We likewise propose that extrinsic rewards positively affect the intrinsic motivation of employees with an internal locus of control, thus enhancing their creative performance. Results based on a sample of 181 employee–supervisor dyads largely supported these expectations. The current analysis enriches the creativity literature by combining different perspectives in a coherent framework, by demonstrating the positive effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation, and by demonstrating that the rewards–creativity relationship varies across employees depending on their individual differences. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微波辐照褐煤半焦脱除低浓度NO的研究

选用褐煤半焦在微波辐照条件下脱除低浓度NO,研究了微波功率、空速、停留时间和O2浓度对脱硝率的影响。结果表明,在微波加热条件下,功率越大,褐煤半焦温度越高,脱硝效果越好。在微波功率250 W时(半焦中心温度400℃左右),脱硝率达到92%,空速越小即停留时间越长,越有利于NO的去除,O2的加入有利于促进NO的还原。褐煤半焦的脱硝性能仅次于活性炭,远高于焦炭,证实了选取的褐煤半焦是一种性能优越的微波脱硝材料。