武汉市三废产生量的相关分析及预测

在分析1991-2002武汉市三废产生量的时间变化特征基础上,运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了武汉市城市三废产生量的主要因子。利用灰色系统理论建立了城市三废产生量的GM（1,1）模型,模型经精度检验合格,预测了2010年武汉市三废产生量,预测结果为：武汉市三废产生量到2010年将达到432．63百万吨、3998．08亿标准立方米和678．10万吨。     

Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by adsorption onto OTMAC-modified attapulgite

The potential of octodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTMAC)-modified attapulgite (AT) for phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions was studied. The comparison of natural AT and modified AT showed that it is possible to utilize the sonication-modified OTMAC-AT in the treatment of phenol-contaminated wastewaters. Batch sorption studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of contact time, shaking frequency, temperature and the amount of AT. The results showed that in a lab-scale reactor, at room temperature, with an amount of the modified AT added (2.5 g), and a shaking frequency of 140 rev/min, the adsorption rate of phenol could be 60.4% for a duration of 60 min. The sorption kinetics were described by a pseudo-second-order model, and the values of k and q(e) were 1.367 mg/ig min and 0.7901 ig/mg, respectively. The analysis of equilibrium data showed that the Freundlich isotherms were found to be applicable for the adsorption equilibrium data. K and 1/n were estimated to be 14.53 and 0.8438, respectively.     

完善社区消防体系建设夯实消防工作社会化基础

1引言 社区是国家结构中最基础层面的社会单元,是一个城市的细胞,是社会的基础,是构建和谐社会的根本.社区安全是衡量一个地区、一个城市安全与否的重要标准,也是百姓安居乐业的前提.随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断发展,人民生活水平不断提高,社区居民对生活质量的要求越来越高,生活环境现代化、生活设施电气化、生活方式多样化正逐步走进寻常百姓,社区的消防安全也正逐渐被人们关注.如何确保社区消防实现"自我管理、自我教育、自我服务、自我保障、自我提高",已成为当前消防工作的重要课题.     

面对新形势,构建奥运会消防安全保障体系

2008年北京将举办第29届奥运会.其中消防保卫工作是奥运会安全保卫工作不可或缺的重要组成部分.如何完成奥运会消防保卫任务,创造一个稳定和谐的社会局面,是当前首都消防部门面临的首要问题.本文结合首都消防工作实际,提出如何建立和加强奥运消防保障体系建设的问题.     

实施HSE审核提升中国石化整体HSE管理水平

HSE审核是客观了解企业HSE管理现状,审查企业HSE业绩的一种行之有效的监督管理方法,目前国内外许多大型石油石化公司普遍采用该方法对企业的HSE管理绩效进行考察.中国石化集团公司于2006年6月发布了,并于6月至7月间开展HSE管理体系审核.     

化工生产装置活性危害评估

活性危害的评估由理论筛选,热稳定性的实验筛选,动力学参数的检测装置,紧急排放系统的设计、筛选和放大,过程设计和优化等几个部分组成.     

Effects of water characteristics on nitrate reduction by the Fe0/CO2 process

In this study, CO2 was bubbled into Fe0-contained solution to create an acidic environment favorable to reduction of aqueous nitrate under various water qualities. Results showed that nitrate of 30 mg l(-1) could be removed from solutions almost completely within 30 min under the conditions of 2 g Fe0 l(-1) and CO2 bubbling flow rate of 200 ml min(-1). It was observed from the Fe0/CO2 system that one mole of nitrate reduced by Fe0 led to the formation of 6.6 mol of ferrous ions. The removal of nitrate increases with increasing Fe0 dosage, however, the removal makes no difference as the Fe0 is applied at a relatively higher dosage. In the system with various water qualities, nitrate removal was inhibited significantly in the presence of humic acid. Calcium ions strongly retard nitrate removal, whereas chloride ions promote the reduction of nitrate in a significant way. Sodium ions impose only slight inhibitive effect on nitrate removal. Water molecule in the studied system can be of significance due to its competitive capability of electrons released from Fe0.     

Effects of copper (I) oxide on growth and biochemical compositions of two marine microalgae

In copper based antifouling (AF) paints Cu (I) oxide was largely used as booster biocide. In this study effect of Cu (I) oxide on two marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica and Dunaliella tertiolecta was demonstrated. EC50 (96 hr) concentrations estimated for T. suecica and D. tertiolecta were 1.3 mg l(-1) and 1.34 mg l(-1), respectively. Copper (I) oxide induced changes in growth, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents were observed in T. suecica and D. tertiolecta. At low concentration of 0.0625 mg l(-1), 3-26% and 1-16% growth stimulation was observed in T. suecica and T. tertiolecta respectively. Increasing Cu (I) oxide concentrations proportionately decreased the carbohydrate and protein contents. This study clearly indicates the toxicity of excessive Cu (I) oxide on growth and biochemical compositions of T. suecica and D. tertiolecta.     

Removal of SO2 from O2-containing flue gas by activated carbon fiber (ACF) impregnated with NH3

Adsorption of SO(2) from the O(2)-containing flue gas by granular activated carbons (GACs) and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) impregnated with NH(3) was studied in this technical note. Experimental results showed that the ACFs were high-quality adsorbents due to their unique textural properties. In the presence of moisture, the desulphurization efficiency for the ACFs was improved significantly due to the formation of sulfuric acid. After NH(3) impregnation of ACF samples, nitrogen-containing functional groups (pyridyl C(5)H(4)N- and pyrrolyl C(4)H(4)N-) were detected on the sample surface by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. These functional groups accounted for the enhanced SO(2) adsorption via chemisorption and/or catalytic oxidization.     

Distribution and transportability of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in the Asia-Pacific region using skipjack tuna as a bioindicator

The geographical distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was investigated through analysis of muscle tissue of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) collected from offshore waters of Asia-Pacific region (Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Seychelles, Brazil, Japan Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, Indian Ocean and North Pacific Ocean). HBCD was detected in almost all samples analyzed (<0.1 to 45 ng/g lipid weight basis), indicating widespread presence of this compound in the marine environment. Elevated concentrations of HBCD were found in skipjack tuna from areas around Japan, which have the larger modern industrial/urban societies, and implicated these areas as primary regional sources. All three individual HBCD isomers (alpha-, gamma- and beta-HBCD) were detected in almost all samples; the percentage contribution of the alpha-isomer to total HBCD increased with increasing latitude. The estimated empirical 1/2 distance for alpha-HBCD was 8500 km, which is one of the highest atmospheric transportability among various halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs).