Long-term observations of tropospheric NO2, SO2 and HCHO by MAX-DOAS in Yangtze River Delta area, China

Yangtze River Delta(YRD) area is one of the important economic zones in China. However,this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS) network in Eastern China to retrieve variations of NO_2, SO_2, and formaldehyde(HCHO) in the YRD area. Three cities of YRD(Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai) were selected for long-term observations. This paper presents technical performance and characteristics of instruments, their distribution in YRD, and results of vertical column densities(VCDs) and profiles of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO.Average diurnal variations of tropospheric NO_2 and SO_2 in different seasons over the three stations yielded minimum values at noon or in the early afternoon, whereas tropospheric HCHO reached the maximum during midday hours. Slight reduction of the pollutants in weekends occurred in all the three sites. In general trace gas concentrations gradually reduced from Shanghai to Hefei. Tropospheric VCDs of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO were compared with those from Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) satellite observations, resulting in R~2 of 0.606, 0.5432, and 0.5566, respectively. According to analysis of regional transports of pollutants, pollution process happened in YRD under the north wind with the pollution dissipating in the southeast wind. The feature is significant in exploring transport of tropospheric trace gas pollution in YRD, and provides basis for satellite and model validation.     

海藻糖强化厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化工艺处理高盐废水的脱氮除碳效能

采用SBR反应器研究海藻糖强化厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化工艺(SAD)处理高盐水的脱氮除碳效能及其动力学特性.当海藻糖为0.25 mmol·L~(-1)时反应器具有最佳的脱氮效能,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N和COD均可以被完全去除,与没有添加海藻糖相比,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和总氮去除率分别提高了50%、43%和46%,氨氮去除速率(ARR)和亚硝氮去除速率(NRR)分别提高了81.25%和75%.当海藻糖浓度进一步提升至0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,NH_4~+-N去除率(ARE)仅为58.82%,出水NH_4~+-N浓度下降为33.25 mg·L~(-1).相比于Haldane模型和Aiba模型,Luong模型更适合拟合海藻糖添加条件下SAD的脱氮性能.由其得到的NRRmax、KS、Sm和n分别为0.954 kg·(m3·d)-1、0 mg·L~(-1)、184.785 mg·L~(-1)和0.718.与修正的Logistic模型和修正的Boltzman模型相比,修正的Gompertz模型得到的预测值与实验值最为贴近,修正的Gompertz模型更适合描述海藻糖添加条件下单周期内基质的降解过程.     

LLDPE料仓燃爆原因分析及防静电措施

论述了LLDPE料仓粉尘爆炸的原因,提出了避免料仓静电燃爆的对策措施以及采取相关防静电措施后的运行效果.     

吉林生态省建设规划背景评价的生态足迹分析

生态足迹理论在应用于区域层次时,因为区域进出口数据的不健全,在计算净消费量的过程中往往误差较大,因此,很难真实反映区域环境的压力负荷.所以,本文以区域生产量取代消费量,并用生产性生态足迹作为区域可持续发展的评价指标,对吉林省2002年的生产性生态足迹进行了计算分析.结果表明,吉林省2002年的生物生产发展模式处于一种不可持续的状态,并简要分析了存在生产性生态赤字的原因和消除生态赤字的途径和方法,将为更好的实施生态省建设规划提供一定的科学指导性意见.     

国内石油企业实施低碳经济发展的模式探讨

"两型"社会的建设为低碳经济的发展、实施提出了明确的方向,也为企业的可持续发展指明了道路。文章在分析借鉴国际大石油公司低碳发展实践经验的基础上,对我国低碳经济发展现状、石油企业面对低碳发展环境的机遇和挑战进行了系统分析,并对我国石油企业低碳发展的总体思路、模式设计提出了建议。     

改性硅藻土陶瓷生物膜载体的制备及性能研究

主要对硅藻土的烧结改性进行了进一步的研究,并对改性硅藻土用于污水处理系统生物膜的载体制作进行参数研究。通过设置适宜的污水水力学特性、良好的载体挂膜性能表征、实验运行稳定性等多方面进行对比实验,得出最佳生物膜挂膜性能的改性硅藻土陶瓷生物膜载体。     

A promising clean process for production of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright

This study proposes a new approach for diosgenin production from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright tubers with respect to resources utilization and clean production. This process consisted of two successive parts, i.e., recovery of starch from raw material, and microbial hydrolysis of the residue to produce diosgenin by Trichoderma reesei. In the first step, about 75.4% of hemicellulose and 98.0% of starch were removed from the tubers. In the second step, about 90.2% of diosgenin was released from saponins by T. reesei at 30 °C, at an aeration of 0.80 vvm and agitation rate of 300 rpm in a 5.0 L bioreactor. Significant reduction of pollutant production was detected by replacing the traditional approach with the proposed new method. About 99.2% of reducing sugar, 99.4% of chemical oxygen demand, 99.2% of total organic carbon, 100% of SO₄^2?, and 100% of acid was reduced in the new processing wastewater.     

对提高环评有效性问题的法律思考--以环评报告书审批过程为中心

本文通过对典型环评审批争议事例和“环保风暴”所涉违法开工项目的分析，结合国内学者就环评有效性调查所得出的结论，论证了我国环评有效性较低问题的制度根源，提出了完善环评法具体制度措施的立法建议。     

循环经济与中国发展的C模式

循环经济是资源节约型和环境友好型社会的发展模式。中国未来的经济社会发展可以有三种模式：A模式——高消耗．高增长和高污染的强物质化模式：B模式——经济与环境绝对脱钩的减物质化模式：C模式——按照循环经济原则有较高资源生产率的发展模式。本文对比了循环经济模式与传统经济模式的差异．指出中国应该选择适合中国当前重化工业发展阶段的循环经济发展模式．即C模式。