高分子稳定剂改良河道岸坡表层砂土水稳定性试验研究∗

针对河道岸坡表层砂土水稳定性问题,采用高分子稳定剂对砂土进行改良,结合浸泡崩解测试法和浸泡剪切测试法对改良砂土的水稳定性进行一系列的试验研究,并对砂土改良前后的水稳定性进行对比分析,并结合微观扫描电镜对改良机理进行分析。研究结果表明：稳定剂可以提高河道岸坡表层砂土的水稳定性。改良砂土随着稳定剂含量和密度的增大,崩解后的散开面积减少,当稳定剂含量达到0.3%时,试样呈现稳定状态。改良砂土试样在200 kPa轴向应力下的剪应力峰值整体上随稳定剂含量和密度的增加而增加。改良砂土的水稳定系数K随着稳定剂含量和砂土密度的增加而增大;当稳定剂含量大于3%时,改良砂土的稳定系数K均达到90以上。高分子稳定剂作为一种土体改良材料,与水混合后加入到砂土中,可填充砂土颗粒间的孔隙,包裹和连接砂土颗粒,形成一个整体的网状膜结构,提高砂土的水稳定性能。研究结果可为河道岸坡有效治理提供一定的参考。     

场开挖爆破粉尘粒度分布特征杨房沟水电站料∗

通过分析杨房沟水电站料场开挖爆破粉尘的粒度分布特征,为改进爆破降尘工艺提供粉尘粒度学依据。在料场爆破区、工作平盘、出入沟、最终边帮等处采集粉尘样品,采用激光粒度分布仪测试粉尘样品的分散度;以粉尘粒度分布数据拟合分布函数,表明爆破粉尘的粒度分布函数呈现对数正态分布特征;与经典的罗森·拉姆勒(Rosin?Rammler)分布函数模型对比分析表明,对数正态分布函数用于描述爆破粉尘的粒度分布更加准确。基于对数正态分布函数模型,厘定爆破粉尘粒度分布参数,分析TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2.5及PM1粉尘占全尘的比例,定量表达爆破粉尘粒度分布特征。结果表明：杨房沟水电站料场爆破粉尘具有显著的对数正态分布特征;离爆破中心距离越远,粒度分布范围越窄,对人体有害粉尘占比越大;建议采用爆破粉尘捕捉吸附技术、掺和湿润性抑尘剂的水雾喷洒等降尘措施。     

UV Spectroscopic Monitoring of Vaporized Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons from Petroleum-Contaminated Soils

Fast and simple systems using ultraviolet (UV) absorbance were examined for on-line monitoring of monoaromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum-contaminated soils in this research. Since soil particles hinder the UV light transmittance, the absorbance measurement of vaporized monoaromatic hydrocarbons in soil gas extracted from petroleum-contaminated soils was proposed. In the fixed system that exhibited higher sensitivity than the portable one, the absorbance intensity of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene increased in proportion to the concentration of the contaminants. The portable system, however, was suitable for screening purpose, while it exhibited faster response. There was no interference from water, which helps the applicability of the proposed systems to the actual fields.     

Experimental research on emission and removal of dioxins in flue gas from a co-combustion of MSW and coal incinerator

This paper describes the experimental study of dioxins removal from flue gas from a co-combustion municipal solid waste and coal incinerator by means of a fluidized absorption tower and a fabric filter. A test rig has been set up. The flow rate of flue gas of the test rig is 150-2000 m3/h. The system was composed of a humidification and cooling system, an absorption tower, a demister, a slurry make-up tank, a desilter, a fabric filter and a measurement system. The total height of the absorption tower was 6.5m, and the diameter of the reactor pool was 1.2 m. When the absorbent was 1% limestone slurry, the recirculation ratio was 3, the jet rate was 5-15 m/s and the submerged depth of the bubbling pipe under the slurry was 0.14 m, the removal efficiency for dioxins was 99.35%. The concentration of dioxins in the treated flue gas was 0.1573 x 10(-13)kg/Nm3 and the concentration of oxygen was 11%. This concentration is comparable to the emission standards of other developed countries.     

分子印迹技术在环境科学领域中的应用

分子印迹技术（MIT）是一门新兴的边缘科学技术,它的产生与发展为环境科学打开了又一视角。介绍了MIT的产生与发展及基本原理,综述了MIT在环境科学领域中的应用,主要包括MIT在固相萃取、膜分离、色谱分析、传感器及分子印迹聚合物作为催化剂在环境修复中的应用。     

SBR法处理豆制品废水工艺条件的研究

用SBR法处理豆制品废水的试验表明,该系统具有较好的抗负荷冲击能力,进水COD在300～2000 mg/L之间变化,对系统不造成任何影响;考察了曝气时间、曝气量和污泥浓度等对去除效果的影响,试验结果表明,曝气时间和曝气量对处理效果影响很大,确定该反应系统最佳曝气时间是8 h,适宜的曝气量是800 L/h,而污泥浓度控制在4000 mg/L左右时,处理效率最高,采用进水顶出水的排水方式是可行的,确定系统的最佳排水比是3/5.厌氧段的插入可以减少剩余污泥的产量.     

医疗废物焚烧中二恶英的产生及控制

医疗废物的安全处置一直被世界各国所重视,我国自SARS灾难后,强化了医疗废物的治理力度。本文针对目前主要采用焚烧法处置医疗废物过程中二恶英的生成途径进行了论述,并结合二恶英的分子结构、毒性及危害提出了控制对策与建议。     

The impact of government subsidy and tax policy on the competitive decision-making of remanufacturing supply chains

In this paper, we consider a two-period competition model of a remanufacturing supply chain consisting of three members: a new product manufacturer, a recycler and a remanufacturer. The manufacturer supplies new products in the first period and the remanufacturer participates in the competition in the second period. We consider three scenarios in the second period: (1) there is no government subsidy in the competition; (2) there is only government subsidy in the competition; (3) there are both government subsidy and tax in the competition. First, we give the optimal decision-making of the manufacturer, the remanufacturer and the government in the three scenarios; second, we analyse changes in the decision-making of the manufacturer and remanufacturer in the three scenarios and compare their results. We analyse the effects of government subsidy and tax and their asymmetric use on manufacturers’ and remanufacturers’ decision-making variables and competitive performance. We also take consumer awareness of environmental protection into account and examine its impact on subjects’ decisions. Lastly, we operate a numerical example to show the results.     

Determination of the residue dynamics and dietary risk of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus and soil by LC-MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg^–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg^–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg^–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg^–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.     

嘉陵江有毒鱼类的分布研究

为了丰富人们对有毒鱼类的认知,结合8年的调查数据和已有资料对嘉陵江中有毒鱼类的种类、分布和食性进行研究。研究结果发现:在嘉陵江中有毒鱼类共计18种,隶属于4目6科17属,随着分类水平的变化(从目、科、属到种),有毒鱼类在不同分类级别下所占的比例逐渐降低。嘉陵江有毒鱼类中仅圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)和鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)分布于中下游,其余16种有毒鱼类分布于整个嘉陵江干流。Jaccard’s相似性分析表明各江段有毒鱼类分布的相似性极高,卡方(χ~2)检验结果显示各江段有毒鱼类分布无显著性差异(p0.05)。嘉陵江分布的有毒鱼类共4类,包括卵毒鱼类2种,血清毒鱼类1种,胆毒鱼类9种以及刺毒鱼类7种,其中鲇(Silurus asotus)既属于卵毒鱼类也属于刺毒鱼类,胆毒鱼类全部来源于鲤科鱼类,暂没有发现皮肤黏液毒鱼类。这18种有毒鱼类共包含7种食性类型,主要以杂食性和肉食性类型为主,分别占有毒鱼类种类数的38.89%和33.33%。通过本研究可知,有毒鱼类在嘉陵江中分布广泛,有毒鱼类种类和类别较多。该研究促进了人们对嘉陵江有毒鱼类相关知识的了解,为进一步研究嘉陵江有毒鱼类奠定了基础。