活性炭纤维低温脱除模拟烟气中的VOC

采用H2O2浸渍的修饰方法对ACF进行化学改性,并利用氮吸附等温线和XPS（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy）的方法对ACF样品进行表征。通过在反应床上开展吸附实验,由此测定改性前后ACF脱除VOC（甲苯作为VOC的代表物）的效果,同时考察氧气、温度、水蒸气等因素对ACF脱除甲苯的影响。研究发现,改性使得ACF样品比表面积和孔容略有降低,但表面含氧官能团含量增加,吸附甲苯的能力也因此增强。当模拟烟气中O2浓度为5%时,ACF脱除VOC效果达到最佳,超过5%之后,氧的促进效果不再明显;温度40℃为最佳吸附温度;当烟气中加入水蒸气时,ACF对VOC的脱除效率降低。     

Predicting regional space–time variation of PM2.5 with land-use regression model and MODIS data

Purpose  

Existing land-use regression (LUR) models use land use/cover, population, and traffic information to predict long-term intra-urban variation of air pollution. These models are limited to explaining spatial variation of air pollutants, and few of them are capable of addressing temporal variability. This article proposes a space–time LUR model at a regional scale by incorporating aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).     

Mercury speciation and mobility in mine wastes from mercury mines in China

Mercury (Hg) speciation and mobility were determined in calcines and waste rocks collected from 9 Hg mines in China. Total Hg (THg) concentrations in the mine wastes varied widely in different Hg mines (with a range of 0.369 to 2,620 mg kg^?1). Cinnabar is the dominant form of Hg in the mine wastes. However, Hg²⁺ and Hg⁰ concentrations in the calcines were significantly higher than these in the waste rocks, which suggested the retorting can produce large amounts of by-product Hg compounds. The THg and Hg⁰ concentrations in certain mine wastes exceeded soil guidelines recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency; while total soluble Hg concentrations of leachates in certain mine wastes exceeded National Surface Water Quality Standard of China. Mine wastes are important Hg pollution sources to the aquatic ecosystem and atmosphere.     

Reducing the pollution risk of pesticide using nano networks induced by irradiation and hydrothermal treatment

Traditional pesticides (TP) often do not adhere tightly to crop foliage. They can easily enter the surrounding environment through precipitation and volatilization. This can result in the pollution of the surrounding soil, water, and air. To reduce pesticide pollution, we developed a loss-control pesticide (LCP) by adding attapulgite with a nano networks structure fabricated using high energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation and hydrothermal treatment to TP. HEEB irradiation effectively dispersed originally aggregated attapulgite through modified thermal, charge, and physical effects. Hydrothermal treatment further enhanced the dispersion of attapulgite to form nano porous networks via thermal and wet expansion effects, which are beneficial for pesticide binding. An LCP has improved retention on crop leaf surfaces. It has a higher adhesion capacity, reduced leaching and volatilization, and extended residual activity compared with the TP formulation. The treatment increases the residual activity of pesticides on crop foliage and decreases environmental pollution.     

高浊度钼矿浮选废水的混凝沉淀

针对某钼矿选矿厂浮选废水,以PAC、PFS和FeCl3为凝聚剂,以APAM-A和APAM-N为絮凝剂,以H2SO4和NaOH为pH调整剂,研究了不同混凝剂、不同pH值和不同水力条件下废水处理后的浊度和COD.实验结果表明,在最佳水力条件下,原水pH不调整,以APAM-A为絮凝剂,以PAC为凝聚剂,其用量分别为15 g/t,750g/t时,处理后上清液浊度为25 NTU,COD小于30 mg/L.浮选废水经处理后回用于选矿浮选流程,大大改善了选矿指标.     

UASB启动及不同HRT对老龄垃圾渗滤液处理效果的影响

在UASB反应器中接种好氧污泥培养厌氧颗粒污泥进行启动,研究不同HRT对老龄(13年)垃圾渗滤液对处理效果的影响情况。通过保持进水COD浓度不变、逐步缩短HRT从而提高容积负荷到40 g COD/(L.d)的方法,可以培育出直径为1～3 mm颗粒污泥,最终产气量稳定在100 L/d,甲烷含量在60%～70%之间,COD去除率保持在90%左右,污泥层最底部MLSS为81 g/L。逐步提高HRT依次为6、12、24、48和72 h考察其对处理效果的影响,当HRT为24 h时处理效果最好,COD去除率最高达到35%左右。     

厌氧后猪场废水资源化制备微生物絮凝剂

通过检测碳源、氮源、磷酸盐和pH等对微生物絮凝剂絮凝率的影响,考察了红平红球菌利用厌氧处理后的猪场废水生产微生物絮凝剂的性能。通过正交实验研究各因素对絮凝率的交互影响以及影响程度的相对大小,从而确定了最佳培养基。结果表明,1.0 L厌氧处理后的猪场废水中加入蔗糖10.0 g、KH2PO42.0 g、K2HPO45.0 g、NaCl 1.0 g、Mg-SO40.2 g,在温度30℃、摇床速度120 r/min、pH=8的条件下发酵72 h后,发酵液的絮凝率可达到92.57%。表明厌氧处理后的猪场废水中加入适量的蔗糖和磷酸盐,完全可以作为一种有效的生产微生物絮凝剂的培养基。     

ALAD genotypes and blood lead levels of neonates and children from e-waste exposure in Guiyu,China

Extensive e-waste recycling activity in Guiyu, China, has been conducted using primitive techniques for the last 20 years, resulting in serious heavy metal environmental contamination. A polymorphic variant of the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) gene has been found to influence lead uptake and, thus, may influence an individual’s susceptibility to lead toxicity. We therefore explored whether the ALAD gene polymorphism affects blood lead levels of newborns and children in Guiyu. A total of 273 newborns and 504 children, and a combination of 2004/2005 and 2006 independent recruitments were used for this study. Umbilical cord blood from newborns (Guiyu/exposed group 189 vs. Chaonan/reference group 84) and venous blood from children (exposed group, 319 vs. Chendian/reference group 185) were collected. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were measured via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for all samples, while ALAD genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP for 273 neonate cord blood and 246 children’s blood. The median BBLs of neonates in exposed group vs. the reference group were 10.50 (2.36–40.78) vs. 7.79 (0.8–19.51) for 2004/2005 and 9.41 (9.28–47.60) vs. 5.49 (0.35–18.68) for 2006, while child mean BLLs were 15.31?±?5.79 vs. 9.94?±?4.05 for 2004/2005 and 13.17?±?5.98 vs. 10.04?±?4.85 for 2006. The genotype frequencies in newborns were 98.90 % for the ALAD-1/ALAD-1 homozygote and 1.10 % for the ALAD-1/ALAD-2 heterozygotes, while the values were 95.93 and 4.07 %, respectively, in children. The allele frequencies of the ALAD-1 and ALAD-2 were 99.45 and 0.55 % for newborns, but 97.97 and 2.03 % for children, respectively. No significant differences in blood lead levels were found between ALAD-1/ALAD-1 and ALAD-1/ALAD-2 either in newborns or in children. The frequency distribution of the ALAD-2 allele in newborns from the exposed group was lower than that of the reference group. There were no significant differences, between the two different ALAD genotypes in the lead load of newborns and children. The frequency distribution of ALAD gene does not influence the blood lead levels of newborns and children in this case, which means that the higher lead burden in the exposed children was possibly influenced by e-waste recycling, but not ALAD genotypes.     

硫酸钙晶须对磷的静态吸附

以磷石膏废渣为原料制备硫酸钙晶须,考察了硫酸钙晶须对模拟含磷废水中磷的去除效果,分析了初始废水pH、初始磷质量浓度、硫酸钙晶须加入量对磷吸附效果的影响,研究了硫酸钙晶须对磷的吸附等温线,同时对吸附机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：硫酸钙晶须在碱性条件下对磷的去除率较酸性条件下高,且初始废水pH为10时去除效果最佳;最佳硫酸钙晶须加入量为0.03 g/mg（以磷计）;在初始废水pH为10、初始磷质量浓度为50 mg/L、硫酸钙晶须加入量为1.5 g/L的条件下,于25 ℃下反应1 h,磷的去除率达到99.16%,上清液TP为0.419 mg/L;与Freundlich模型相比,Langmuir等温吸附模型更适合描述硫酸钙晶须对磷的吸附过程,采用该模型拟合得出25 ℃下磷的饱和吸附量为140.4 mg/g。     

Elevated water temperature reduces the acute toxicity of the widely used herbicide diuron to a green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

In the actual environment, temperatures fluctuate drastically through season or global warming and are thought to affects risk of pollutants for aquatic biota; however, there is no report about the effect of water temperature on toxicity of widely used herbicide diuron to fresh water microalgae. The present research investigated inhibitory effect of diuron on growth and photosynthetic activity of a green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata at five different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) for 144 h of exposure. As a result, effective diuron concentrations at which a 50 % decrease in algal growth occurred was increased with increasing water temperature ranging from 9.2 to 20.1 μg L^–1 for 72 h and 9.4–28.5 μg L^–1 for 144 h. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F _v/F _m ratio) was significantly reduced at all temperatures by diuron exposure at 32 μg L^–1 after 72 h. Inhibition rates was significantly increased with decreased water temperature (P?<?0.01). Intracellular H₂O₂ levels as an indicator of oxidative stress were also decreased with increasing temperature in both control and diuron treatment groups and were about 2.5 times higher in diuron treatment groups than that of controls (P?<?0.01). Our results suggest water temperatures may affect the toxicokinetics of diuron in freshwater and should therefore be considered in environmental risk assessment.