草原生态环境监测数据建库方法初探

该文系统地介绍了草原生态环境监测数据库的一般方法，在建立图像，图形，多媒体及数据子库的前提下，同时提出了宏观遥感监测数据与地面定位监测数据的结合方式，可操作性较强。     

海南万泉河水资源保护规划研究

海南万泉河水资源保护规划研究宗子就，荆帆，沙平（北京有色冶金设计研究总院北京１０００３８）谢宁，蔡小平（琼海市环境资源局海南５７１４００）关键词水资源，水质控制目标，保护规划ＡＳＴＡＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＷＡＴＥＲＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＰＲＯＧ...     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

相对灰色关联度在城市污水处理工艺优选中的应用

通过对城市污水处理工艺评价指标的定量化处理，并根据奖优罚劣的原则对初始指标集进行[-1，1]区间线性规范化处理，确定理想最优方案（A^＊）和理想最劣方案（A-），以此计算出各待选方案与它们的相关系数（ζ）。采用变异系数法计算各指标权重（ω），并计算各候选方案相对最优方案的灰色关联度，进而确定最佳方案。     

几种海洋微藻对水中三丁基锡化合物的迁移和转化作用

实验表明，在半抑制效应浓度下纤弱角毛藻，扁藻，三角褐指藻对三丁基锡均有瞬时强吸附作用，其后，微藻对三丁基锡的吸收可单室生物积累模型描述，根据模型曲线拟合求出其总吸收饱和浓度和生物排出速常数，微藻对三丁基锡的生物富集因子高达１０＾４－１０＾５，主要取决于高比表面，高分配比和高摄取速率，７２ｈ纤弱角毛藻对三丁基锡的生物降解率在５％左右。     

Characteristics of phosphorus chemistry and its geographical distribution in the Haihe River valley,North China

ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄｉｔｓｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＨａｉｈｅＲｉｖｅｒｖａｌｌｅｙ，ＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａＪｉａｎｇＧａｏｍｉｎｇ；ＨｕａｎｇＹｉｎｘｉａｏ；Ｌ...     

Yellow River Valley flood and drought disaster:spatial-temporal distribution predictionand early-warning

ＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒＶａｌｌｅｙｆｌｏｏｄａｎｄｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒ：ｓｐａｔｉａｌ－ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅａｒｌｙ－ｗａｒｎｉｎｇＧａｏＬｉｎ，ＳｈａＷａｎｙｉｎｇ，ＬｉｕＨｕａｉｑｕａｎ，...     

二十年来渤海生态环境参数的演化和相互关系

通过系统分析近２０ａ来渤海中部海域３ａ（１９８２－１９８３，１９９２－１９９３，１９９８－１９９９年）１０航次的生态环境特征参数的变化，描述了变化趋势，初步讨论了各种特征参数之间的相互关系。研究发现，近２０ａ来，渤海中部营养盐的浓度和结构（Ｎ／Ｐ和Ｓｉ／Ｎ）均发生显著变化，表现为：硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总无机氮持续增加，活性磷和硅显著降低，Ｎ／Ｐ值升高，Ｓｉ／Ｎ值下降。Ｎ／Ｐ值３ａ的五月和十月平均值分     

离子强度、pH值和Ca2+/Al3+对马尾松幼苗的铝毒影响

测定了在不同溶液酸度、不同离子强度和Ca~(2+)/Al~(3+)比下,铝对马尾松幼苗生长状况的影响。结果表明,溶液酸度增加,离子强度减小时,铝的毒害作用增大。钙对铝毒有明显缓解作用,当Ca~(2+)/Al~(3+)增大时,铝的毒性减小,但其缓解作用与铝浓度有关,当铝浓度增加,钙的缓解能力下降。     

露天煤矿排土场干草转移对坡面草本层重建与土壤改良研究

生态恢复是一个过程,通常以植被恢复为主。大多已采取植被恢复措施的排土场能在一定程度上改善矿区生态条件,但仍普遍存在因重树木、轻草本导致的群落结构单一、土壤三相失衡以及严重的水土流失等问题。本文以已开展生态恢复的内蒙古北电胜利半干旱典型草原区露天煤矿排土场为研究对象,拟通过干草转移实验重建坡面草本层,提高坡面生态稳定性。研究表明,干草转移可以有效改善排土场边坡生境条件,改善土壤理化性质及土壤营养条件,提高草本植物密度和生物多样性。排土场干草转移实现了边坡草本层重建及水土流失控制的双赢。