聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）生物降解过程对植物生长的影响评价

通过苏丹草（Sorghum sudanense Stapf）、籽粒笕（Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.）、豇豆（Vigna sesquipedalis Wight）种子的发芽试验及其盆栽试验,考察了PBS在土壤浸提液中的生物降解性能,探讨了PBS高聚物、低聚物和合成单体对植物的发芽和生长影响。研究结果表明：①在土壤浸提液中微生物对PBS有一定的降解作用,且在降解过程中,降解液的pH变化不明显;②PBS高聚物的降解产物对植物生长没有影响;③P BS低聚物在降解初期抑制部分植物的幼苗生长,后期对植物的生长没有影响;④当丁二酸的质量浓度低于200 mg.L^-1时,对植物种子的发芽和幼苗生长不会产生影响,当质量浓度高于500 mg.L^-1时,将抑制幼苗生长;当1,4-丁二醇的质量浓度低于2 000 mg.L-1时,对种子的发芽和生长没有影响。     

城市回用水中多环芳烃致癌风险评价

为评价人群暴露于城市回用水中16种多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)对于人体健康的潜在风险,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用的分析化学方法对不同季节回用水中16种PAHs进行定量分析;在此基础上采用美国国家科学院和国家研究委员会提出的环境健康风险评价方法,分析不同回用条件下具有中国水体基质特色的城市回用水中PAHs健康风险.结果显示,回用水样中16种PAHs的总浓度为1 422.85 ng·L-1,污水处理厂二级出水水样16种PAHs的总浓度为1 791.77 ng ·L-1,经过处理后回用水中PAHs含量有所降低.风险评价分析结果显示,回用水在城市绿化、农业灌溉和景观娱乐3种不同回用途径下多环芳烃的致癌风险分别为788×10-8、2.77×10-6、3.04×10-6,总致癌风险为5.89×10-6.以上结果可以得出,回用水在城市绿化、农田灌溉和景观娱乐接触过程中多环芳烃所增加的致癌风险很低,回用水中多环芳烃的健康风险处于可接受水平.     

Robust magnetic laccase-mimicking nanozyme for oxidizing o-phenylenediamine and removing phenolic pollutants

In this study, we report a novel magnetic biomimetic nanozyme(Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP(guanosine5′-monophosphate)) with high laccase-like activity, which could oxidize toxic ophenylenediamine(OPD) and remove phenolic compounds.The magnetic laccase-like nanozyme was readily obtained via complexed Cu~(2+)and GMP that grew on the surface of magnetic Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles.The prepared Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP catalyst could be magnetically recycled for at least five cycles while still retaining above 70% activity.As a laccase mimic,Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had more activity and robust stability than natural laccase for the oxidization of OPD.Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP retained about 90% residual activity at 90℃ and showed little change at pH 3–9, and the nanozyme kept its excellent activity after long-term storage.Meanwhile, Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had better activity for removing phenolic compounds, and the removal of naphthol was more than 95%.Consequently, the proposed Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP nanozyme shows potential for use as a robust catalyst for applications in environmental remediation.     

有效微生物(EM)处理食品废水的试验研究

针对有效微生物群(EM)中含有好氧和厌氧微生物的特点,采用SBR反应器,进行了用EM处理食品废水的试验研究.结果表明,当进水COD_Cr为2 000～4 000 mg/L,pH为5.5～6.5时,向废水中投加0.5%～0.7%的EM复壮液,曝气12 h,沉淀10 h,COD_Cr的质量浓度可降为700～2 000 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率可达83.0%.      

二氧化铅电极的制备、表征及其电催化性能研究

以电沉积法制备了Ti/PbO2和Ti/MnO2/PbO22种电极.采用SEM、XRD和XPS等分析方法表征了电极的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态,并以罗丹明B为目标有机物,考察了所制备电极的析氧极化曲线和电催化活性以及Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的循环伏安曲线.研究结果表明,Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的稳定性、使用寿命、析氧电位和电催化活性较Ti/PbO2电极都有所提高,并且罗丹明B在Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极上的反应主要发生在析氧反应区,且反应不可逆.     

表面活性剂加强动电技术去除污泥中铜和镉

以实际城市污泥为研究对象,通过采用表面活性剂作为阴极液,并考虑阴极液pH值、表面活性剂类型和电压3种因素对动电技术去除污泥中重金属(铜和镉)的影响,选用正交试验确定最佳试验条件.结果表明,采用表明活性剂作为阴极液加强动电技术去除污泥中重金属足可行的,铜和镉的去除率分别达到11.1%～52.6%和9.1%～46.7%.通过对正交试验结果进行极差和方差分析,试验的最佳条件为:电压为20 V,阴极液加入十六烷基三甲基氯化铵并控制pH值为4～6.表面活性剂的类型对动电技术去除镉具有显著影响.其中,表面活性剂类型对动电过程的影响最大,阴极液pH值次之,电压影响最小.     

火电厂节水降耗措施

火电厂是耗水大户,随着水资源的日渐匮乏及环保法律的日趋严格,合理利用水资源,已成为火电厂面临的紧迫任务.在对国内用水指标进行分析的基础上,提出改造火电厂循环冷却水系统和除灰渣系统、建立废水回收利用系统、完善水务管理等节水措施,为火电厂的节水降耗和安全经济运行提供理论指导.     

Reutilisation-extended material flows and circular economy in China

Circular economy (CE), with its basic principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, has been determined as the key strategy for the national development plan by the Chinese government. Given the economy-wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA) that leaves the inner flow of resource reutilisation unidentified, the reutilisation-extended EW-MFA is first introduced to evaluate and analyse the material input, solid waste generation, and reutilisation simultaneously. The total amount of comprehensive reutilisation (CR) is divided into three sub-flows, namely, reutilisation, recycle, and reuse. Thus, this model is used to investigate the resource CR in China from 2000 to 2010. China’s total amount of CR and its sub-flows, as well as the CR rate, remain to have a general upward trend. By the year 2010, about 60% of the overall solid waste generation had already been reutilised, and more than 20% of the total resource requirement was reutilised resource. Moreover, the growth patterns of the CR sub flows show different characteristics.Interpretations of resource reutilisation-related laws and regulations of CE and the corresponding policy suggestions are proposed based on the results.     

Biodegradation Behaviors of Poly(p-dioxanone) in Different Environment Media

This work was aimed at researching the aerobic biodegradation of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO), a novel kind of degradable polymer material, by simulating real-life conditions in a laboratory-scale test, specified by the standard methods based on two biodegradation environments, composting and aqueous media. To measure and describe the biodegradability of PPDO, not only had carbon dioxide produced by respiratory metabolism of microorganism been measured, which determines the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of chemical compounds, but also the detailed results of biodegradation were further characterized by monitoring physical, chemical and thermal properties changes of test materials at different incubation times in the two media, confirmed by using the appropriate analytical techniques. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology, and the thermal performance of PPDO was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The changes of molecular weight were detected by intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and gel permeation chromatography, and the variations of the molecular structure were monitored by the nuclear magnetic resonance and FT-IR. The results show that PPDO has outstanding character of biodegradation and may be more adapted for biodegrading in liquid medium than in composting.     

连续起伏管道投产过程中的气相运移研究

为应对山区液体管道在投产过程中可能出现的气阻、超压问题,从气相运移角度出发,建立液顶气模型,研究在1个U型单元内积气形成、压缩和破碎的全过程,在此基础上,提出连接各个U型单元的气相的传递函数,探讨背压累积因素下,连续起伏管道投产过程中各个U型管段的积气情况和压力的变化,进行动态的建模和计算.以国内某原油管道的现场投产数...