Ecological and environmental water demand of the lakes in the Haihe—Luanhe Basic of North China

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief concept of the ecological and environmental water demand of lake. The present situation and affecting factors of lake ecological system in the Haihe-Luanhe Basin of North China was analyzed. The calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the water body and the calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the aquatic ecosystem, wetland and vegetation were compared and discussed. As the examples of Baiyangdian Lake and Beidagang Lake in Haihe-Luanhe river basin, the ecological and environmental water demand of the two lakes was calculated to be 27 x 10(8) m3. It is 6.75 times to the water demand according to the calculating method of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the water body. The research result indicated: (1) The calculating methods of the ecological and environmental water demand of the lake basis on the aquatic ecosystem should be better than only basis on the water body of lake. (2) The data, such as area of the vegetation kind around and in the lake, the vegetation coefficient, the evaporating amount of the vegetation and the vegetation water demand itself around and in the lake are lack and urgent need. Some suggestions for controlling and regulating the water resource of the lake in North China were proposed.     

桑沟湾溶解态无机砷的分布、季节变化及影响因素

作为一种化学形态有变的有毒类金属元素,砷在水环境中的生物地球化学行为被越来越多的学者所重视.利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)对2011年4月、8月、10月和2012年1月航次桑沟湾总溶解态无机砷(TDIAs,[TDIAs]=[As5+]+[As3+])和亚砷酸盐(As3+)的含量进行了测定.结果表明,4个航次中TDIAs的浓度范围分别为3.4~12.4、8.9~16.9、14.7~21.3和13.8~21.9 nmol·L-1,As3+的浓度范围分别为0.3~2.1、0.4~3.8、1.8~4.0和0.3~2.9 nmol·L-1.春、夏季桑沟湾TDIAs的浓度低于秋、冬季,高值出现在湾口和河口区.春、冬季As3+的含量低于夏、秋季,As3+与TDIAs的比值在夏季达到最大值.桑沟湾TDIAs平均浓度为13.9 nmol·L-1±4.7 nmol·L-1,低于美国环境保护署水质标准.根据我国地表水环境质量标准,桑沟湾属于一级水质,这表明桑沟湾未受到明显的人为污染.桑沟湾春、夏季TDIAs的浓度低于与之相邻的爱莲湾和俚岛湾,水文环境和陆源输入的差异是造成这种现象的主要原因.影响桑沟湾TDIAs分布的主要因素包括河流的输入、与黄海的交换以及生物活动的清除,其中养殖活动的影响尤为显著.养殖生物对砷的富集作用可能会带来潜在的生态危机和食品安全问题,需要相关部门加以重视,确保桑沟湾养殖产业的平衡发展.     

Effect of monotoxicity and mixtoxicity of nitroaromatics to the green algae, Scienedesmus obliquus

In general, many pollutants co-exist in natural aquatic ecosystems. They affect each other and occur different results, such as synergism, addition and antagonism. So the research at mixtoxicity of contaminants to aquatic organism is more important than monotoxicity. In this paper, 50％ effectual inhibition concentration 48h EC50 values of 6 kinds of nitroaromatic compounds to the green algae, Scenedesmus obliquus, were investigated. Mixtoxic experiments, in which any combination of 2,4-DNT and other 6kinds of compounds, indicate: (1) synergisms between 2,4-DNT and 4-NAn, as well as 4-NAnis, 1,4-DNB; (2) antagonisms between 2,4-DNT and 4-NT, as well as 4-NPh, 4-NCB.     

珠江口和南海北部海水中的总溶解无机As

利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法（HG-AFS）分别对2014年10月和2015年6月珠江口、南海北部总溶解无机As（TDIAs,[TDIAs]＝[As5+]+[As3+]）的含量进行了测定,以探讨TDIAs在珠江口和南海北部的分布及其影响因素。夏季和秋季珠江口TDIAs的含量不存在显著性季节差异（t检验,置信度为95%）。夏、秋季珠江口TDIAs均呈现不保守混合行为,尤其在河海混合初期清除现象较明显,其清除百分数均在30%左右。珠江口向南海TDIAs的年输送通量约为（4.0~4.6）×105 kg。珠江口邻近海域表层TDIAs浓度较高,南海北部陆坡底层由于受到黑潮次表层水影响TDIAs浓度有所升高。夏、秋季南海北部陆坡TDIAs浓度不存在显著性季节差异。夏季南海北部主要受水团混合影响,表现出保守混合行为。珠江口和南海北部TDIAs浓度与世界其他河流以及大洋相比均处于自然水平。     

Ecological and environmental water demand of the lakes in the Haihe-Luanhe Basin of North China

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Effect of monotoxicity and mixtoxicity of nitroaromatics to the green algae, Scienedesmus obliquus

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｎｔｓｍａｙｈａｖｅｔｏｘｉｃｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｎｍａｎｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓａｎｄａｆｆｅｃｔｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓａｔｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ,ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ,ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｎｄｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｌｅｖｅｌｓｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ .Ｍｏｓｔｒｅｃｅｎｔｈａｚａｒｄｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄａｌｇａｅｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｔｅｓｔｓｆｏｒｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｃ…     

催化动力学分光光度法直接测定天然水体中痕量锰

海水中溶解态痕量元素锰(Mn)是国际GEOTRACES科学计划确定的关键参数之一,通常用作示踪剂探讨海洋中氧化还原环境的变化。本文对高碘酸钠氧化隐色孔雀绿测定海水中溶解态Mn的方法进行了优化,最佳实验条件为:在10 mL体系中,反应pH为4.00.2,隐色孔雀绿用量为35 mol/L,高碘酸钠用量为4 mmol/L,氨三乙酸的用量为8 mmol/L,显色时间选择4.00.2 h,在615~620 nm处测定反应产物的吸光度。结果表明:本方法不存在其他金属离子的干扰,可通过标准加入的方式去除基体效应。应用本方法对空白和浓度为5.5 nmol/L的样品分析的精密度分别为6.8%和2.7%(n=13),检出限为0.6 nmol/L(3倍标准偏差)。应用本方法分别测定环境标准样品(GSB 07-1189-2000)和加拿大标准海水样品(NASS-6),测定值与推荐值无显著性差异(t检验,P=0.95)。运用本方法测定了东海陆架黑潮深水区溶解态Mn的垂直分布,测得的剖面结果与国际已发表同区域结果无显著性差异(t检验,P=0.95)。     

Prediction of the concentration of chlorophyll-a for Liuhai urban lakes in Beijing City

The weekly water quality monitor data of Liuhai lakes between April 2003 and November 2004 in Beijing City were used as an example to build an artificial neural networks （ANN） model and a multi-varieties regression model respectively for predicting the fresh water algae bloom. The different predicted abilities of the two methods in Liuhai lakes were compared. A principle analysis method was first used to select the input variables of the models to avoid the phenomenon of collinearity in the data. The results showed that the input variables for the artificial neural networks were T, TP, transparency（SD）, DO, chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）,pH and the output variable was Chl-a. A three layer Levenberg-Marguardt feed forward leaming algorithm in ANN was used to model the eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes. 20 nodes in hidden layer and 1 node of output for the ANN model had been optimized by trial and error method. A sensitivity analysis of the input variables was performed to evaluate their relative significance in determining the predicted values. The correlation coefficient between predicted value and observed value in all data and in test data were 0.717 and 0.816 respectively in the artificial neural networks. The stepwise regression method was used to simulate the linear relation between Chl-a and temperature, of which the correlation coefficient was 0.213. By comparing the results of the two models, it was found that neural network models were able to simulate non-linear behavior in the water eutrophication process of Liuhai lakes reasonably and could successfully estimate some extreme values from calibration and test data sets.     

城市水系闸门调控技术研究及应用

分析了城市水环境问题的胁迫要素，认为要将生态水利的发展观充分渗透到城市现代水利建设中。基于水质水量的联合调度，对城市水资源进行科学配置；基于当前城市已经形成的一定水利格局和水环境状况，认为科学管理城市水利设施更有现实意义。提出了闸门调控的理论框架和技术路线，研究了利用闸门调控改善城市水系环境质量的理论方法。